青岛台2008年汶川大地震钻孔应变观测报告

一、台站简介1.台站位置青岛地震台位于山东省青岛市南区东海中路16号,东经:120.396°,北纬:36.0576°,高程:17.6m。2.台站历史     

近50 a渭河流域洪水成因分析及防治对策

 通过对近50 a渭河流域洪水的年际变化、月际变化和潼关高程变化的综合分析得出，造成该流域洪水灾害的原因有降水量年内分配不均和年际变化大，滩面淤积加重，支流河口淤塞以及河势、流态的恶化等。针对这些原因，根据渭河流域洪水灾害的特点，提出了相应的防治措施，即降低下游高程，减少河道的淤积，增大河道泄洪能力；利用水库进行调水调沙，引进客水冲刷渭河下游；防洪工程要除险加固，提高防洪标准与抗洪能力；恢复林草植被，遏止水土流失，从源头上控制泥沙入河等。     

2006年IGU区域国际地理大会在布里斯班举行

南国际地理联合会（IGU）主办、澳大利亚地理学家协会（IAG）和新西兰地理学会（NZGS）组织的“2006年IGU区域国际地理大会”于2006年7月3日—7月7日在澳大利亚布里斯班市昆士兰理工大学举行。来自世界各地近50个围家和地区的近千名地理学者出席了会议，大会的主题是“全球变化的区域响应”。本次会议南澳大利亚和新西兰两国地理学会学术年会联合举办。     

青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积对第四纪晚期古季风变化的响应

通过对青藏高原腹地的综合科学考察和对中心钻孔岩芯剖面的最新研究,用层序地层学与年代地层学和气候地层学相结合的方法,分辨出可可西里地区湖泊沉积记录(孔深7.25 m)的第四纪晚期距今3万余年以来的古气候变化,沉积物磁化率等因子综合表征的高原古季风变化是波动发展的,发生在仙女木期地质环境事件中的季风活动具有强烈暴发的特点,是高原季风发展中的突变事件,而且地表热点效应对其起到了激发作用。综合分析的研究成果表明,它的变化频谱与激变因子及其运行机制是伴随着青藏高原地质效应的演变而发展的,为研究第四纪冰消期以来的气候变化提供了新的信息。     

东天山十里坡地区自然铜矿化的地质特征及成因初步分析

东天山十里坡自然铜矿化主要赋存于马头滩组第一段玄武岩夹层中的蚀变凝灰岩中，硅化、绿帘石化、黝帘石化、绿泥石化、沸石化与自然铜矿化关系密切。初步分析认为东天山十里坡自然铜矿化与同生火山热液作用有关，形成于伸展的构造背景，矿化时代可能为二叠纪，成矿特征与滇黔边境峨嵋玄武岩自然铜矿化具有相似性。     

青海东昆仑肯德可克钴铋金矿床成矿年龄及意义

肯德可克钴铋金矿床为多矿种叠生型矿床，与辉长岩脉密切相关的矽卡岩化热液成矿期为该矿床的主要成矿期。采用高精度⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar中子活化定年法测试辉长岩脉中的斜长石，得到阶段升温坪年龄（207.8±1.9）Ma，等时线年龄（211.13±4.46）Ma。这些年龄基本代表了肯德可克钴铋金矿床主成矿期年龄。     

The concentration and distribution of different mercury species in the water columns and sediment of Aha Lake

In order to find out whether Aha Lake was polluted by the acid mining waste water or not, the concentration and distribution of different mercuryspecies in the water columns and sediment profile collected from Aha Lake were investigated. It was found that discernible seasonal variation of different mercury species in water body were obtained in the Aha Reservoir. With regards to the whole sampling periods, the concentrations of HgP in the Aha Reservoir water body were evidently correlated to the concentrations of total mercury, showing that total mercury was mostly associated with particle mercury. The concentrations of methylmercury in water body were also evidently correlated to the concentrations of dissolved mercury. The dissolved mercury evidently affects the distribution and transportation of methylmercury. However, there is no correlation between methylmercury and total mercury. The dissolved mercury, reactive mercury, dissolved methylmercury levels in the water body of high flow period were much higher than those in low flow period. The distribution, speciation and levels of mercury within the Aha Reservoir water body were governed by several factors, such as the output of river, the release of sediment . Discernible seasonal variation of total mercury and methylmercury in porewater was described during the sampling periods, with the concentrations in high flow period generally higher than those in low flow period. The methylmercury in pore water column was evidently correlated to that of the sediment. The results indicated that highly elevated MeHgD concentrations in the porewater were produced at the depths from 2 to 5 cm in the sediment profile, and decreased sharply with depth. A positive correlation has been found between MeHgD formation and sulfate reducing bacterial activity. These highly elevated concentrations of MeHgD at the intersurface between waters and sediments suggest a favorable methylation condition. Moreover,     

Factors controlling the spatial and temporal variability of dust emissions

New field measurement techniques are allowing researchers to better understand how surficial properties affect the temporal and spatial variability of dust emissions. In this paper we review the current understanding of the dust emission process and present new field measurements that examine how three surface properties： roughness, crust strength, and temporal changes of surface properties affect dust emissions. These data were collected using three unique measurement systems developed by our team. Roughness exerts considerable control on the entrainment threshold and emissions of dust from a surface. We have carried out a series of experiments designed to quantify roughness effects on aeolian sediment entrainment and transport in a shear stress partitioning framework. Our results show that the model of Raupach et al. （1993） provides very good agreement with available data to predict the amount of shearing stress on the intervening surface among roughness elements, relatively independent of their size and distribution. However, element size affects the aeolian sediment transport process beyond that attributable only to the reduction of surface shear stress caused by the roughness. Additional interactions of the elements with the saltation cloud appear to reduce the transport efficiency and potentially dust emissions as well. The effect of crust strength on dust emissions was assessed using a newly-developed pin penetrometer, which can measure crust strength in-situ. Previous researchers suggested that variation in crust strength even within a small area could lead to considerable spatial variability in dust emissions. Our measurements showed that crust strength is highly variable over a scale of centimeters. This variability may help to explain some of the observed scatter in field measurements of dust emissions for what appear to be homogeneous surfaces. Variability of dust emissions in time and space was also evaluated using a new instrument, the Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Lab （PI-SWERL） developed to measure dust emissions from soil surfaces.     

根据相关条件判断季节的种种方法

1．根据气候特征 地中海气候，热带草原气候，季风气候等季节变化明显的气候类型能指示季节。例如，当罗马、洛杉矶、旧金山、雅典、塔兰托、马赛等炎热干燥时，或珀斯、开普敦、好望角、圣地亚哥多雨时，或南亚盛行西南季风时，尼罗河处于汛期，赞比西河处于枯水期时北半球为夏季，反之为冬季。