磁异常数据处理方法的应用

文章以冀东一些铁矿区地面磁测成果为例,总结了磁异常转换、定量解释推断一些方法的应用及效果.     

快速消除铈-砷体系催化动力学光度法测定铱的干扰

Ce（Ⅳ）-As（Ⅲ）体系测定铱的关键问题是解决干扰。讨论了利用此体系测定复杂地质样品中痕量铱的干扰问题。通过加入活化剂等方法，有效消除了Ce（Ⅳ）-As（Ⅲ）体系中铂、钯元素对测定铱的严重干扰。用此拟定的方法一人测定一批50个样品，仅需3天，标样的测定值与标准值符合较好。     

重磁异常解释中的一些复杂因素与对策 ——在海口区域物探成果交流会上的发言提纲

列出了不重视推断解释可靠性问题而导致的严重后果;论述了复杂情况下重、磁异常解释的思路和对策,即如何正确、合理使用方法技术;提出了推断成果可靠性划分方案的建议和新的成果表达方式的建议.     

某动力机器基础动力学分析

当动力机器基础体积较大时,采用《动力机器基础设计规范》(GB 50040-96)推荐的简化计算方法进行动力计算,计算结果可能具有较大的误差而不能用于工程设计,此时进行三维数值分析是必要的。在介绍弹性动力学分析的基础上,使用通用有限元软件ANSYS8.0,对某设备基础进行了模态分析和谐相应分析,得出了该动力机器基础的低阶固有频率准确值,以及该动力机器基础随外部荷载频率改变的振幅变化曲线,进而得出一些重要结论,为该工程设计提供了可靠参考。     

新书介绍

由中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所、国土资源部岩溶动力学重点实验室刘再华研究员和德国不来梅大学(Bremen University,Germany)WolfgangDreybrodt教授合著的《岩溶作用动力学与环境》一书已由地质出版社正式出版发行。本书在综述岩溶作用动力学实验和理论研究的前人成果的基础上,主要阐述了岩溶作用动力学与环境有关的主要方面,并对未来研究的重点作了展望,是作者近20年潜心研究工作的全面总结。主要内容包括:CO2-H2O系统中碳酸盐岩溶解、沉积的物理化学基础;岩溶地区天然环境中碳酸盐溶解和沉积动力学实验和模拟;中国典型表层岩溶系统…     

碳酸盐岩有机质二次生烃的化学动力学研究及其意义

对低成熟度的灰岩样品进行人工熟化实验, 获得了不同成熟度的可用于对比研究二次生烃作用的系列样品. 之后, 将人工熟化后的样品在抽提前、后分别置于Rock-Eval热解仪上进行“二次”生烃实验, 在考察其热解产率特征的同时, 探讨各样的化学动力学特征. 结果表明, 二次生烃的是否“提前”或“滞后”及二次生烃潜力与一次生烃是否排出有关, 与初次成烃的中止成熟度有关. 人工熟化样品抽提后, 其平均活化能随成熟度的升高总体上呈增大趋势. 但未经抽提样品的动力学特征则相反. 所标定的经抽提处理和不经抽提处理化学动力学模型在渤海湾盆地和松辽盆地的初步应用表明, 两者的结合可以解释一些前人有关二次生烃研究中存在的相互矛盾的认识, 同时也可以方便地实现对二次生烃量的定量评价.     

深俯冲和折返动力学:来自中国大陆科学钻探主孔及苏鲁超高压变质带的制约

中国大陆科学钻探工程和苏鲁高压-超高压变质带为大陆岩石圈的深俯冲与折返动力学的研究提供了以下制约:(1)苏鲁高压/超高压变质地体迭置于南、北苏鲁两个不同时代及属性的基底之上;(2)苏鲁巨量表壳岩石深俯冲至200km以下的上地幔深度,并经历超高压变质作用;(3)根据不同类型超高压变质岩石锆石的SHRIMP-U/Pb原位精确定年,获得超高压变质岩石的深俯冲-折返全过程(240～252Ma→230～237Ma→207～218Ma)时限.并建立了新的深俯冲-折返全过程的P-T-t轨迹;(4)富钛铁的辉长岩在大陆地壳的深俯冲过程中,经历了超高压变质作用并转变成了富含金红石的榴辉岩,形成了超高压变质的钛矿床;(5)通过榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩的显微构造分析及石榴石、绿辉石和橄榄石EBSD测量,确定深俯冲过程中绿辉石和橄榄石的组构运动学和流变学特征;(6)在大陆的深俯冲过程中,强烈水化的陆壳岩石经历了进变质脱水过程,巨量的地表水带入到＞100～200Km的地幔深处,在超高压变质峰期的极端条件下,通过含水超高压变质矿物的分解形成超临界的含水熔体,导致有效的壳-幔物质交换和岩石圈物质分异;(7)苏鲁超高压变质地体在折返阶段形成挤出纳布构造,与岩石圈深俯冲管道流的折返挤出机制有关;(8)提出新的深俯冲-折返动力学模式:陆.陆碰撞的深俯冲剥蚀模式及大陆地壳多重性、分层型和穿时性的俯冲和折返模式.     

Western Pacific Jet Stream Anomalies at 200 hPa in Winter Associated with Oceanic Surface Heating and Transient Eddy Activity

The relationships between the 200-hPa westerly jet stream anomalies over the East Asian coastal water- western Pacific(WPJS),and the oceanic surface heating and synoptic-scale transient eddy(STE)activity anomalies over the North Pacific in wintertime are examined by using ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The analysis demonstrates that the surface heating and the STE anomalies have different patterns, corresponding to the three WPJS anomalous modes,respectively.In the first WPJS anomalous mode,the WPJS main part shows no robust anomaly.The anomalous westerly wind,occurring over the mid-latitude central-eastern Pacific past the date line is associated with the anomalous heating presenting both in the tropical central-eastern Pacific past the date line and the center of the North Pacific basin.Meanwhile,the STE anomaly appears around the region of the anomalous zonal wind.The fluctuation in jet strength shown in the second WPJS mode is strongly related to the heating anomaly in the Kuroshio Current region and the STE anomaly in the jet exit region.The third mode demonstrates a northward/southward shift of the WPJS,which has a statistical connection with a south-north dipolar pattern of the heating anomaly in the western North Pacific separated at 35°N.Meanwhile,the STE spatial displacement is in conjunction with jet shifts in the same direction.The heating anomaly has a close connection with the atmospheric circulation, and thus changes the mid-latitude baroclinicity,leading to the STE anomaly,which then reinforces the WPJS anomaly via internal atmospheric dynamics.     

空气动力学阻抗的测量研究

利用涡旋相关方法和蒸发皿方法分别测量了裸地和玉米田的空气动力学阻抗, 分析了空气动力学阻抗的日变化特征, 同时对两种测量方法进行了比较。结果表明:实测空气动力学阻抗的日变化比较明显, 但变化幅度不大 (0~200 s/m)。两种方法得到的空气动力学阻抗具有可比性, 但蒸发皿方法测量的空气动力学阻抗普遍小于涡旋相关方法的测量值。     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.