1997/1998 El Ni(n)o期间中国南部闪电活动的异常特征

基于近8年卫星观测的全球闪电资料,对中国东南部和中南半岛各季节闪电密度距平场进行EOF分析发现,在这一El Nino事件期间,与NINO3区海表温度正距平升高的同时,1997年春季该地区的闪电活动就出现了显著的正异常,并一直持续到次年春季结束,各季度的正异常区闪电密度距平百分率依次是89%,30%,45%,498%和55%,其中冬季变化幅度最大;正异常区在冬、春季位于中国南部及其沿海地区,而在夏、秋季位于中南半岛南部及泰国湾.与正常年份相比,各季闪电密度正距平中心位置显著偏西,特别是冬、春季同时偏北.另外,中国南部地区的闪电密度和对流性降水量及高CAPE日数三项距平百分比的年际变化分析表明,正异常区和黑潮主干区这三项的距平百分比之间两两相关;在三项中,闪电密度的相对变化率最大,闪电活动对ElNino事件的响应最灵敏.但是,黑潮主干海域、青藏高原和西北、华北-东北等地区的闪电活动对El Nino事件的响应情况更为复杂和多样化.     

深层水泥土搅拌桩在软土地基处理中的应用

通过对深层水泥土搅拌桩的加固机理及复合地基承载力性状的简要分析,根据国家现行规范,结合具体地基处理工程实例,对深层水泥搅拌桩在软土地区地基加固处理中的方案选择、设计、施工及检测中的常见技术要点作初步探讨.     

三峡库区中的星站GPS

通过SF-2050G型星站GPS(无基站)与Trimble 5700 GPS(有基站)在长江三峡库区河段比测试验，结果表明SF-2050G与Trinble5700GPS具有同样高质量导航、测量定位精度。SF-2050G型星站GPS在接收卫星信号同时接收海事卫星差分信号，获得了良好的测量精度。使之在各种条件下无须基站可实施卫星导航与测量。减少了差分基站所投入的成本与时间；扩展了GPS接收使用条件，提高了导航、测量的工作效率。     

基于ORB-SLAM框架的直接法改进与对比

在ORB-SLAM(oriented fast and rotated brief-simultaneous localization and mapping)框架的基础上,采用半直接视觉里程计（semi-direct visual odometry,SVO）法和稠密直接法替代特征点法,并利用慕尼黑工业大学SLAM数据集进行测试和对比。结果表明,SVO和ORB-SLAM在单目模式下的平均解算时间分别为31.1 ms、20.5 ms,RGB-D模式下的平均解算时间分别为39.5 ms、32.5 ms。某些条件下SVO解算的轨迹精度可以达到甚至高于ORB-SLAM。     

CorelDRAW矢量地图高保真Web发布方法研究

基于CorelDRAW矢量地图产品,提出一种基于分层可缩放矢量图形（scalable vector graphics,SVG）组织、集成表达的技术方法,解决了高保真地图发布的问题。首先将CorelDRAW矢量地图高保真分层转换为多个SVG格式文件;然后对SVG文件中符号化信息进行批量处理;最后使用WebGIS框架库将各SVG地图加载到Web平台,实现CorelDRAW矢量地图的展示与交互。实验结果表明,该方法能将CorelDRAW矢量地图高效、高质量地发布到Web平台。     

Impacts of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Vertical Structure on Haze Pollution Observed by Tethered Balloon and Lidar

In this paper, the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) vertical structure over the North China Plain(NCP) during a comprehensive observation experiment conducted during 15–21 December 2018 were investigated. Observational data were obtained with a large tethered balloon, Doppler wind lidar, and ground-level instruments. The maximum concentration of PM_2.5 exceeded 200 μg m^-3, and the ratio of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ was approximately 0.4(its maxi-mum was approximately 0.8) during the whole observation period, indicating the explosive growth of dominant fine-mode aerosols in the winter heating season. Elevated concentrations of pollutants decreased the solar irradiance received by the ground, resulting in lower temperature at ground level. Our results illustrate three distinct types of vertical profiles: Type 1(convective state)—the concentration of PM_2.5 decreased nearly linearly with increase of the height below approximately 600 m;Type 2(stable state)—the PM_2.5 concentration sharply decreased from the ground to approximately 200 m;and Type 3(multilayer structure)—some pollutants were suspended aloft in the upper air layer. Diurnal evolution of the vertical profiles of PM_2.5 and their relationship with the changes in meteorological factors were identified. From daytime to nighttime, the vertical profiles evolved from Type 1 to Type 2 or Type 3. All the 33 vertical PM_2.5 profiles that we obtained showed a strong relationship with elements of the ABL structure, such as the distributions of winds, the inversion layer, and turbulence activities. A light-wind layer and weak turbulence activity, especially within the inversion layer, contributed greatly to the accumulation of pollutants.Vertical PM_2.5 concentration patterns were also greatly affected by local ground-level emission sources and regional transport processes.     

ADS40数码航摄影像在DTM立体测图中的应用

介绍了基于ADS40数码航摄影像,使用MAPMATRIx2006建立立体模型进行立体测量DTM的全过程,以及ADS40数码相机的有关参数,对建立立体模型的作用.应用MAPMATRIX2006软件的操作使用方法.     

青藏高原草地生态系统光合活性温度限制的时空变化分析

光合作用是地球系统季节性碳、水和能量循环的重要组成部分,这一特征是植物适应特定环境条件进化过程的结果。青藏高原的气候变化改变了植物生长的气候制约状态,然而温度约束及其变异性在光合活性研究中所起的作用还知之甚少。本文基于“最小因子法则”提出一种新的研究青藏高原草地生态系统温度限制变化的框架,利用日光诱导叶绿素荧光（solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF）数据集和气候数据集,研究发现青藏高原草地生态系统大部分地区（87.09%）受温度限制越来越弱。本研究为青藏高原草地生态系统中气候因素制约草地光合活性的复杂机制提供了一个简洁而现实的框架。