渐近极值理论在气候极值降水预测中的应用

采用渐近极值理论中的Ｇｕｍｂｌｅ第１和第３种类型的渐近分布，对成都地区日最大降水量的气候极值问题进行了研究，同时对不同的多种计算方法进行了比较，都取得了较满意的结果。     

河南省山茱萸的生态分布与区划

山茱萸[Macrocarpium officinale(Sieb.etZucc.)Nakai]系山茱萸科植物,为我国传统大宗地道药材,干燥果肉入药,并可做食品添加剂和饮料等,在河南主要分布于伏牛山南坡的西峡县。河南的山茱萸无论是产量或质量均居全国首位,其产品畅销国内外。本文在野外调查基础上,探讨了河南山茱萸的生态分布,并根据生态原则研究了山茱萸的栽培区划和资源利用中的问题与相应对策。     

Sequences in the Hardness Ratio-Peak Energy Plane of Gamma-Ray Bursts

The narrowness of the distribution of the peak energy of the vFv spectrum of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the unification of GRB populations are great puzzles yet to be solved. We investigate the two puzzles based on the global spectral behaviors of different GRB populations, the long GRBs, the short GRBs, and the X-ray flashes (XRFs), in the HR - Ep plane (HR the spectral hardness ratio) with BATSE and HETE-2 observations. It is found that the long GRBs and the XRFs observed by HETE-2 seem to follow the same sequence in the HR-Ep plane, with the XRFs at the low end of this sequence. We fit the sequence by a universal Band function, and find that this sequence is mainly defined by the low energy index α, and is insensitive to the high energy index,β. With fixed β=-5, a best fit is given by α=-1.00 with X^2min/dof=2.2. The long and short GRBs observed by BATSE follow significantly different sequences in the HR-Ep plane, with most of the short GRBs having a larger hardness ratio than the long GRBs at a given Ep. For the long GRBs a best-fit yields α=-0.30 and β=-2.05. For the short GRBs, a best fit gives α=-0.60 with x^2min=1.1 (withβfixed at-2.0 because it is numerically unstable). The α value for the short GRBs is significantly greater than that for the long GRBs. These results indicate that the global spectral behaviors of the long GRB sample and the XRF sample are similar, while that of the short GRBs is different. The short GRBs seem to be a unique subclass of GRBs, and they are not the higher energy extension of the long GRBs.     

地壳不同时代构造单元黑色页岩层含金性的比较分析

碳质陆源火山岩层中常产有大型金矿床，目前对研究黑色页岩层的含金性给予很大的注意。本文研究了西伯利亚地台元古代盆地中金矿田碳质陆源岩石内金的分布和含铜的碳质陆源建造内岩石的金分布，还收集了地球上其他地区有关碳质生成物的本底含金性。在此基础上，发现具有不同矿化黑色页岩建造的地球化学差异，以及地壳不同构造单元内同类型碳质岩石中金含量的时代变异性。