Effects of NOxand VOCs from Five Emission Sources on Summer Surface O3 over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

The impacts of emissions from industry,power plant,transportation,residential,and biogenic sources on daily maximum surface ozone （O3DM） over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （BTH） region in North China in the summer of 2007 were examined in a modeling study.The modeling system consisted of the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model and the photochemical dispersion model,CAMx.The factor separation technique （FST） was used to quantify the effect of individual emission source types and the synergistic interactions among two or more types.Additionally,the effectiveness of emission reduction scenarios was explored.The industry,power plant,and transportation emission source types were found to be the most important in terms of their individual effects on O3DM.The key contributor to high surface O3 was power plant emissions,with a peak individual effect of 40 ppbv in the southwestern BTH area.The individual effect from the biogenic emission category was quite low.The synergistic effects from the combinations of each pair of anthropogenic emission types suppressed O3 formation,while the synergistic effects for combinations of three were favorable for O3 formation when the industrial and power plant emission source types coexisted.The quadruple synergistic effects were positive only with the combination of power plant,transportation,residential,and biogenic sources,while the quintuple synergistic effect showed only minor impacts on O3DM concentrations.A 30％ reduction in industrial and transportation sources produced the most effective impacts on O3 concentrations,with a maximum decrease of 20 ppbv.These results suggested that the synergistic impacts among emission source types should be considered when formulating emission control strategies for O3 reduction.     

Review of the Field Measurements and Parameterization for Dust Emission During Sand-Dust Events

Dust emission generated by wind erosion is a basic process before the transport and deposition of dust particles. Parameterization of dust emission flux is important for accurate simulation and prediction of dust events. Field observation and numerical simulation are two approaches to understand the complex process of dust emission. Great progress has been made on the characteristics and mechanism of dust emission during dust storm events. This review introduces the major factors influencing dust emission and summarizes the calculation methods of several key parameters of dust emission, including the threshold friction velocity u.t, threshold wind speed Ut, streamwise saltation flux Q, and （vertical） dust emission flux F, from perspectives of both observation and parameterization. The paper also discusses the improvement, application, and validation of different dust emission schemes in dust models. Existing problems and future research directions are elaborated as well.     

Responses of CH4 emissions to nitrogen addition and Spartina alterniflora invasion in Minjiang River estuary,southeast of China

The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 （NO）, 21 （N1） and 42 （N2） g N/（m2.yr）, respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/（m2.h） and 7.79 mg CH4/（m2-h）, respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential （Eh） at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables （especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths） tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.     

矿权不错位 政策不缺位——关于加快推进我国煤层气开发利用的思考与建议

日前闭幕的APEC能源部长会议上,各方在促进清洁能源资源开发、提高能源资源利用日效率等方面达成了共识。煤层气作为一种优质清洁能源,近年来在国家相关政策的支持下得以开发利用,在减少温室气体排放、增加清洁能源供给、保障煤矿安全等方面成效显著。这个曾引发瓦斯事故、威胁煤矿安全的＂第一杀手＂,随着认识水平和技术手段的提高,变身为＂能源新贵＂,成为我国构建绿色、高效、安全的现代能源体系和实施能源可持续发展战略的重要支撑。     

山西陆面过程对A1B排放情景下全球变化趋势的响应

山西地处气候过渡带,气候敏感、生态脆弱,在全球气候变暖背景下其陆面物理过程受气候波动影响十分明显。本文利用NCAR CCSM IPCC AR4陆面分量模式(CLM)20世纪气候模拟(20C3M)和21世纪SRES A1B排放情景下的模拟结果,对山西省21世纪(2001~2099年)与20世纪(1901~1999年)陆面能量和水文变量进行了对比分析。结果显示:(1)模式模拟出山西地区未来地面温度的空间及时间分布特征。未来山西省地面温度呈明显上升趋势,上升速率冬季大于夏季。空间上,增温幅度冬季自北向南递减,夏季自西向东递减;(2)未来山西省陆面各分量空间上,净辐射通量西北增幅大于东南,降水率和径流率则与其相反,潜热通量与蒸发率一致,西南部增加幅度大,土壤含水率冬夏分布相反,感热通量呈下降趋势,西南下降幅度大;时间上,净辐射通量、潜热通量均表现出不同程度的上升趋势,土壤热通量冬季上升,夏季下降;地表水循环的各分量均呈增加趋势。     

《气候变化绿皮书:应对气候变化报告(2014)》出版

<正>2014年11月5日,中国社会科学院-中国气象局气候变化经济学模拟联合实验室发布了第6本气候变化绿皮书——《应对气候变化报告2014:科学认知与政治争锋》。绿皮书由长期从事气候变化科学评估、应对气候变化经济政策分析以及直接参与国际气候谈判的资深专家撰稿,全面介绍华沙会议以来全球应对气候变化的最新进展,     

国土部:超10万矿山累计毁损土地386.8万公顷

<正>导读:2010年8月,国土资源部开始全面启动绿色矿山建设。截至今年8月,全国已有661家国家级绿色矿山试点单位。但在全国10万余座矿山中,绿色矿山所占比重仅约0.6%。"10多万座矿山,累计毁损土地386.8万公顷,影响地下含水层面积538万公顷,固体废弃物累计存量400亿吨,年排放废水超过47亿立方米……"这是国     

中亚热带2种天然林表层土壤N2O排放速率

运用静态箱-气相色谱法对中亚热带地区米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然林土壤N2O排放速率进行了1年（2012年1月—2013年1月）原位观测,分析了土壤温度及含水量对土壤N2O排放速率的影响,并探讨土壤无机N含量变化与土壤N2O排放速率的关系。结果表明,观测期间,2种天然林均表现为大气N2O排放源,米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然林平均土壤N2O排放速率分别为7.29μg·m^-2·h^-1、7.41μg·m^-2·h^-1;米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然林土壤N2O排放速率季节变化明显,最高排放速率均出现在夏季6月,分别为16.51μg·m^-2·h^-1、18.86μg·m^-2·h^-1;2个林分N2O排放速率最低值分别出现在2012年1月和2012年9月,分别为3.04μg·m^-2·h^-1和2.17μg·m^-2·h^-1。2种天然林土壤N2O排放速率均与土壤温度无显著相关性,与土壤含水量显著正相关（P〈0.05）;2种天然林土壤N2O排放速率与NH4＋含量均无显著相关性,米槠天然林和阿丁枫天然土壤N2O排放速率与NO3-含量分别呈显著负相关和显著正相关（P〈0.05）。研究结果表明,土壤含水量及NO3-含量的变化对中亚热带天然林土壤N2O排放速率有着重要的影响。     

快速高寿命大直径滚刀钻头瓦斯排放孔施工创纪录

本刊讯由国土资源部勘探技术研究所大口径钻头与钻具研制中心研制的快速、高寿命型瓦斯排放孔用反井系列钻头,经过对所用滚刀的切削齿、轴承、密封机构及加工工艺的改进及对钻头整体结构的独特设计,在技术上有了突破性进展,最近在为宁夏工程勘察院等单位研制成功Ф1500、     

江苏滨海工业园区排污口海域 COD 环境容量

本文以江苏滨海沿海工业园尾水离岸排放区为例,在参考和借鉴国内外海洋水环境容量研究成果和实践的基础上,综合分析离岸排放的特点,建立了基于物理扩散的离岸排放区COD三维对流-扩散运输模型。根据海洋水环境现状,按半径2 km设定排污区,排污区外边界按照二类水质标准确定水质标准控制点,计算出该海域COD在一级排放标准80 mg/dm3的条件下,允许的尾水最大排放量为不超过12×104t/d,由此确定出该离岸排放区COD基准剩余环境容量为不超过9.6 t/d。