GPS在湖南1:20万区域重力调查中的应用

GPS是现代高科技,它采用微型接收机,可以实现快速定位并取得测量点的3维座标.这种新技术在数字化地质、提高找矿效果等方面,应用前景广阔.侧重介绍了ASHTECHGPS接收机在区域重力调查中,怎样建立基准站与流动观测站、数据的传输与预处理和测量点3维座标的换算,以及应用教据自动生成布格异常等值线图.这项新技术的使用完全可以满足120万区域重力调查的精度要求.     

An artificial neural network-based snow cover predictive modeling in the higher Himalayas

With trends indicating increase in temperature and decrease in winter precipitation, a significant negative trend in snow-covered areas has been identified in the last decade in the Himalayas. This requires a quantitative analysis of the snow cover in the higher Himalayas. In this study, a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model, an artificial neural network （ANN）, was deployed to predict the snow cover in the Kaligandaki river basin for the next 30 years. Observed climatic data, and snow covered area was used to train and test the model that captures the gross features of snow under the current climate scenario. The range of the likely effects of climate change on seasonal snow was assessed in the Himalayas using downscaled temperature and precipitation change projection from - HadCM3, a global circulation model to project future climate scenario, under the AIB emission scenario, which describes a future world of very rapid economic growth with balance use between fossil and non-fossil energy sources. The results show that there is a reduction of 9% to 46% of snow cover in different elevation zones during the considered time period, i.e., 2Oll to 2040. The 4700 m to 52oo m elevation zone is the most affected area and the area higher than 5200 m is the least affected. Overall, however, it is clear from the analysis that seasonal snow in the Kaligandaki basin is likely to be subject to substantialchanges due to the impact of climate change.     

Volume estimation of small scale debris flows based on observations of topographic changes using airborne LiDAR DEMs

This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations.     

书屋

<正>很多时候,当你在讨论投资理财、在考虑未来要生几个孩子以及在考虑买车、买房时,你是否同时在想,这些美好的生活还能持续多久?你买的车子将会为全球变暖贡献多少废气?你在海边买的房子,20年之后它是在陆地之上,还是在海平面之下?     

山区县地质灾害防治方法的探索

改革开放以来,经济社会快速发展,但一些地区的生态环境却遭到了破坏,空气、水、土壤等环境资源受到严重污染,全球气候变暖,强降雨等恶劣天气时有发生,地质灾害也防不胜防,世界各地时有发生重大地质灾害事件,地质灾害区域部分人的生命财产遭受巨大损失。加大地质灾害防治工作力度,尽最大能力避免或降低地质灾害造成的损失,是国土资源部门的工作内容,也是各级人民政府的重要职责。既要加强地质灾害隐患点的巡查监测工作,更要加大地质灾害隐患点的治理工作力度,确保人民生命财产的安全。     

我国的矿业强国之路怎么走

正近年来,随着矿业的迅猛发展,尤其是实现中华民族伟大复兴的"中国梦"的提出,打造矿业强国成为了我国社会各界的共识。而全国政协第八届委员会秘书长、原地质矿产部部长、中国矿业联合会高级资政委员会主任朱训的《关于中国由矿业大国迈向矿业强国的思考》一文,在把建设矿业强国提到战略高度同时,也引起了业内专家对矿业强国的聚焦和热议。"中国现在已经是矿业大国,但还不是矿业强国。建设矿业强国与‘中国梦’密切相关,需要依     

GPS接收机仪器偏差的长期变化特性分析

基于欧洲定轨中心2001-2009年发布的部分IGS测站接收机仪器偏差估值,分析了不同类型接收机DCB的长期变化特性.结果表明:各类接收机DCB的长期时变特征均具备一定的周期性,其中以月和年周期最为明显;接收机DCB的长期变化中还存在一定的波动,部分接收机DCB的稳定性随时间积累逐渐变差,甚至存在偏移.     

Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years

The Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China.     

走向Inbternet网际

从１９９５年３月１３日开始，我们开始与中国科学院网络中心和昆明电信局通信处联系，准备建立云南天文台Ｅｍａｉｌ系统。到３月２１日本系统技术已基本调控完成。本文介绍了这一系统的建立过程和通过这一系统可以得到的网络资料。