陕西洛南中元古界官道口群石英质玉成矿地质特征

近年有关陕西洛南中元古界管道口群石英质玉(紫绿玛瑙)的报道屡见不鲜.该类石英质玉主要产于中元古界官道口群巡检司组到杜关组的沉积不整合面附近,岩性主要为含砾(彩色燧石)泥质板岩.经过详细的野外地质调查和取样分析并结合区域地质构造演化,从成矿物质来源、沉积环境、热动力成矿及石英质玉致色等几个方面全面分析并探讨了该区石英质玉...     

土的本构理论和实验

引言爆炸波在土体中的传播规律可用连续介质力学的方法来求解.描述连续介质运动的方程可根据三个基本力学定律导出,即根据质量守恒定律、动量守恒定律和能量守恒定律导出.推导连续介质运动方程的方法有两种:其一是欧拉法,它能给出空间某一点在任意时刻的运动参数和状态参数;另一是拉格朗日法,它能给出每一个质点的运动参数和状态参数.在上述两种方法中,分别有和空间坐标或物质坐标相对应的应力应变量     

均匀导电半空间中频率域和时间域三维电张量格林函数及应用

从电张量格林函数的物理意义出发,在频率域和时间域研究了均匀导电半空间中的电张量格林函数,并基于Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ方程分析了三维电磁散射的数值模拟方法。作者还根据实际情况,首次模拟出三维瞬变电磁激电异常的相位剖面图,其结果与直流情况类似并与实际资料相吻合。     

"一带一路"沿线国家农作物虚拟水贸易时空格局及驱动因素分析

"一带一路"沿线地区水资源短缺且空间分布不均衡,虚拟水贸易实现了对水资源的远距离空间调配.以2010-2018年"一带一路"沿线59个国家和37种农作物为研究对象核算各国农作物虚拟水贸易,利用标准差椭圆、Moran's I指数、LISA指数刻画农作物虚拟水贸易的时空格局特征,通过地理探测器和地理加权回归模型分析农作物虚拟水贸易的驱动因素及其空间异质性.研究发现:①沿线各国"低耗水-高出口型"作物占比4.013％,"高耗水-高出口型"作物占比1.926％.②沿线各国农作物虚拟水贸易的进口格局呈收缩趋势,出口格局呈扩张趋势,且其局部存在一定的集聚特征,进口的"高-高集聚"区域主要处于南亚地区,出口的"高-高集聚"区域主要分布在中东欧地区.③各显著驱动因素能较好地解释沿线各国农作物虚拟水净出口量,各因素中国内生产总值呈负相关驱动特征,耕地面积呈正相关驱动特征,而人口规模、森林面积和邻国接边数在各单元间呈正负两极的差异驱动特征.     

2011年度地球物理与空间物理学科项目评审与资助成果

12011年度项目受理与统计分析 1．1项目受理2011年度地球物理与空间物理学科申请项目总计1090项。其中面上项目622项,青年科学基金项目395项,地区科学基金项目16项,国家杰出青年基金项目28项,“华北克拉通破坏”重大研究计划项目8项,联合基金项目2项,“日地空间环境与空间天气”领域重点项目19项。     

Spatial Database of Geological Survey Extent in 20th Century in China

During the whole 20th century in China, especially the latest 50 years, we have gotten much geological information about geological mapping, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral exploration,remote sensing, environmental geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and oceanic geology etc. by our geologists and explorers. All the information has been accmnulated and can be used as a dcision-making foundation for the future plan of geological survey. The spatial database of geological survey ex-tents has been established by using computer technology. The database contained all kinds of exploration sections and collected about 160 000 records in this database. This paper introduces the data construc-tion ,contents and applying systemof this database, and trys to let people know what kinds of geological survey were finished, when the exploration were carried out, and how and where you can get this infor-mation.     

Development of Geological Data Warehouse

Data warehouse (DW), a new technology invented in 1990s, is more useful for integrating and analyzing massive data than traditional database. Its application in geology field can be divided into 3 phrases: 1992-1996, commercial data warehouse (CDW) appeared; 1996-1999, geological data warehouse (GDW) appeared and the geologists or geographers realized the importance of DW and began the studies on it, but the practical DW still followed the framework of DB; 2000 to present, geological data warehouse grows, and the theory of geo-spatial data warehouse (GSDW) has been developed but the research in geological area is still deficient except that in geography. Although some developments of GDW have been made, its core still follows the CDW-organizing data by time and brings about 3 problems: difficult to integrate the geological data, for the data feature more space than time; hard to store the massive data in fifferent levels due to the same reason; hardly support the spatial analysis if the data are organized by time as CDW does. So the GDW should be redesigned by organizing data by scale in order to store mass data in different levels and synthesize the data in different granularities, and choosing space control points to replace the former time control points so as to integrate different types of data by the method of storing one type data as one layer and then to superpose the layers. In addition, data cube, a wide used technology in CDW, will be no use in GDW, for the causality among the geological data is not so obvious as commercial data, as the data are the mixed result of many complex rules, and their analysis needs the special geological methods and software; on the other hand, data cube for mass and complex geo-data will devour too much store space to be practical. On this point, the main purpose of GDW may be fit for data integration unlike CDW for data analysis.     

关于全球变化研究的几个问题

第四纪地质工作者面临全球变化研究的形势,应主动调整自身的研究战略,注重最近0.15Ma环境信息的提取,加强地质过程的研究,重视人类活动对环境的影响,强调模型的模拟和检验。     

额济纳绿洲近20年来土地覆被变化

土地利用/土地覆被变化研究是近年来全球环境变化研究的焦点之一。根据黑河下游额济纳绿洲土地生态分类,利用1982年与2000年2期TM遥感数据对比和野外实地调查,采用景观生态空间分布格局分析方法,分为河岸乔木林、河岸灌草林、荒漠稀疏灌丛、荒漠稀疏草地、河道与水域、盐碱化土地、城镇、戈壁、流动沙丘和剥蚀地山丘陵, 从各类土地分布面积变化和类型转移趋向与幅度两个方面,分析了额济纳绿洲20年来土地覆被变化。结果表明：①土地覆被类型结构发生了较大变化,河岸乔木林面积萎缩了0.97％、斑块数减小了376,而河岸灌草林增加了0.92％,数量减小1 316;而％LAND指数荒漠稀疏灌丛由4.49％增加到5.65％,由于中游来水量的锐减,河道和水域的斑块数由40个减少到6个,％LAND指数减小了0.15％。与此同时流动沙丘％LAND指数增加了0.42％。②近20年来以胡杨为主的河岸乔木林和荒漠稀疏草地减小了45.02％和14.55％,相应地以柽柳为主的河岸稀疏灌草地和荒漠稀疏灌丛增加了35.03％和25.88％;河岸乔灌林向河岸灌草林景观转移概率为45.95％,向荒漠稀疏灌丛和稀疏草地转移了0.78%和3.01％,向戈壁转移了10.87%;河岸灌草林景观类型向河岸乔灌林转移8.06％,向稀疏灌丛和稀疏草地转移10.95%和19.64%,向戈壁转移11.88％;③额济纳绿洲具有从河岸乔木→河岸灌草地→荒漠稀疏灌丛快速演化的趋势。     

宁夏沿黄生态经济区生态系统服务价值及其提升对策

宁夏沿黄生态经济区是自治区各种生产要素最为集中的地区,其生态系统服务价值显得尤为重要。笔者采用修正当量因子法估算了5大生态系统11种生态系统服务价值,明确生态系统服务价值内部结构、时空分布特征及变化趋势,提出价值提升的对策建议,服务黄河流域宁夏段生态保护与高质量发展先行区建设。结果表明：经济区生态系统服务价值呈现出“中间高,四周低;盆地和山区高,荒漠和丘陵低”的空间分布特征;生态系统服务功能以水文调节、气候调节、水资源供给和气体调节服务为主,所占比重分别为59.07%、8.97%、5.02%、4.91%;生态系统服务价值呈增长趋势,与经济发展速度相比仍处于低协调度状态,下一步应在保护生态功能,兼顾美学价值的前提下,加强荒漠和丘陵地带的光伏、风能等清洁能源发展,提升生态系统服务价值。