Discovery of Early Tertiary Hydrothermal Activity and Its Significance in Oil／Gas Geology,Dougpu Depression,Henan Province,China

Data from the super-deep wells(PS10,PS14 and YS1)led to the discovery of widespread met-al-bearing hydrothermal fluids (or hot brines) related to basic magmas in the Lower Tertiary clastic sequence in the Dongpu Depression .In terms of SEM and EDAX analyses, pore-casting thin section examination of sandstone ,the composition and forming temperature of fluid inclusions ,the trace ele-ment composition of mustone and kerogen and organic geochemical analyses, it is demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids existing in the area studied are ejecting fluids, which have a close bearing on diagenesis and sedimentation, rather than intrusive veins along the tectonic fractures.The main indicators of hydrothermal activity are:(1)abnormal alteration of kerogen;(2) high-temperature altered mineral assemblage;(30abnormal distribution of hydrocarbons;(4) specific assemblages and abnormal contents of heavy metals in mudstone and kerogen;(5) specific composi-tion of complex compounds and assemblages of fluid inclusions in sandstone;(6) periodic basaltic magma activity.Results of geological observations and laboratory simulating experiments demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids have a close bearing on hydrocarbon generation in the Dongpu Depression. Two aspects of the effect of hydrothermal fluids are noticed:hydrothermal hydrocarbon production and strong metal catalysis in oil and gas generation.     

Physicochemical Conditions of the Formation of Beryl and Aquamarin in Mufushan Granopegmatite Deposit,Hunan Province,China

The formation of the Mufushan granopegmatite was closely related to the Late Yenshanian multiphase and multistage magmatic activities,More than one generation of beryl and aquamarine occur in different types of pegmatite in the granites.The presence of melt and melt-fluid inclusions strongly indicates a melt-solution character of the pegmatitic magma.Forming temperatures of the different generations of beryl in a Na^ -K^ ,Ca^2 -CO3^2--Cl^--SO4^2- solution ranges from 990℃to 200℃.Aquamarine was formed at 720-180℃.The contents of alkali metals(Na^ K^ )in th ore-formming solution of aquamarine are lower than those in the beryl,but the contents of alkali earths(Ca) and salinity are higher,The granite was generated by remelting of the basement formation(meta-sedimentary rocks of the Lengjiaxi Group)which also served as the source of ore-forming material.Beryllium in the pegmatite was transported mainly in the form of Na[Be(CO3)2],with part of it being complexed with Cl^- and SO4^2-.During the generation and evolution of the pegmatite,equilibrium might have been reached in the solid-melt-fluid or solid-fluid system.The intergranular solutions may have reacted with the early crystallized minerals,resulting in potash-feldsparization,albitization and muscovitization during which the ore-forming elements were mobilized and transported in favour of ore deposition.     

地电供电系统对地磁观测的影响试验

通过试验，认为地电供电系统对地磁观测的影响主要是来自供电导线产生的磁场，其强与公式Ｈ＝１／１０．２Ｉ／ｒ计算结果基本相符。而地下电流产生的磁场是很弱的，这对避免和减小其影响提供了新思维。     

高温热水孔逸出气氡观测实验研究

本文通过在漳州龙师１＃井开展的逸出气氡观测实验研究，认为逸出气氡作为新的地震前兆观测项目是可行的，可以进行平行样观测，同时可得到Ｒｎ气／Ｒｎ水比值，作为研究地下流体前兆的一个新的参数。并对应用电离法测量逸出气氡的连续自记观测技术进行了预研究试验。     

地电阻率预报地震新方法的研究

采用单一极距观测地电阻率预报地震存在一些问题和困难。本文以地下浅部水平层状介质模型为基础, 建立多极距观测系统电阻率反演方法, 以探索提高地电阻率预报效能的新途径。多台的长期实验研究结果表明, 采用多极距观测反演方法获得的地下浅部勘探底层电阻率的变化预报地震, 比地电阻率变化预报地震具有明显独特的优越性。      

喜马拉雅－青藏地区的运动学－抬升模型

本文以拉萨-冈底斯地体代表喜马拉雅造山期印度-欧亚板块碰撞时期的活动地体, 建立其相应的运动学-抬升模型。模型参数的取值以最终拟合由综合古地理研究确定的抬升历史作为制约条件, 同时考虑以下因素:①印度-欧亚板块汇聚的运动学特征: ②地体变形时的三维质量守恒, 包括缩短、增厚、拉伸、抬升和侵蚀: ③在均衡控制下岩石圈物质的瞬时垂向运动。模型研究涉及以下四类与抬升相关的参数:①板块汇聚速度及其随时间的变化: ②侧向质量转移的规模: ③地壳结构: ④地表侵蚀制式。共144个不同参数组合的模型计算结果展示了多解性的存在, 同时也证实:对于特定的板块汇聚运动学制式, 只存在一种可拟合实测抬升历史的最佳拟合模型, 隐含着汇聚板块动力学环境的唯一性。据此, 喜马拉雅-青藏地区的抬升主要受板块动力学和运动学的制约, 是一种含义深远的复杂地质过程。      

北京数字化地磁脉动观测台网

叙述了北京数字化地磁脉动观测台网的基本情况、特点以及在地震预报研究和地磁学科研究等方面的重要作用。该台网提供了磁暴、磁扰、地磁日变及地磁脉动等地磁事件的数字化观测资料。这些观测资料由于其精度高和动态范围大, 蕴含有极为丰富的信息, 分析处理更为方便。      

新疆天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体研究

天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体的均一温度、爆裂温度、成矿压力、气相成分及物理化学条件的研究表明，金矿化可分为两个成矿阶段，矿化深度１～１．５ｋｍ，成矿热液具有酸性还原特性，金是以金硫络合物形式迁移沉淀的。     

高煤级煤粗粒体反射率的演化轨迹

通过系统测试，查明了镜质体油浸最大反射率在２．０％～１０．０％之间的样品中粒粒体反射率的演化轨迹，发现其最大反射率的演化具有“转折”特征。粗粒体化学结构的“非石墨化碳”性质、物理结构的“富微孔性”及构造应力的作用是控制反射率演化的主要因素。