陆相盆地坡折带的隐蔽油气藏勘探战略

本文从陆相坡折带的定义和分类入手，阐述了构造坡折带、沉积坡折带和侵蚀坡折带的成因以及对层序，尤其对低水位体系域和隐蔽油气藏的控制和影响。指出陆相坡折带与海相坡折带的区别主要表现在：①坡度不同：陆相盆地受构造作用(包括断裂作用)和短源快速沉积的影响，坡度较陡，碎屑物差异沉积明显。②坡折带特点不同：海相坡折带一般单一稳定，而陆相坡折带具有多级坡折的特点。在此基础上，对渤海湾盆地东营凹陷进行了研究。应用钻、测井及地震等资料，建立了东营凹陷沙三段中部地层的层序地层格架，共分为4个层序，并且每个层序可分为低水位体系域、水进体系域和高水位体系域。建立了储油单元与层序单元(尤其低水位体系域)对应关系。阐述了陆相盆地斜坡带沉积体系域中储集砂体类型和油气成藏机制，从而指导隐蔽油气藏勘探。     

Characteristics of Underground Water Flow at Different Water Levels in Tianshengan Karst Area, Yunnan, China

Three tracing tests from the same injection point executed at low, medium, and high water levels in the karst aquifer near Tianshengan village, Lunan Stone Forest, Yunnan Province, China, have revealed the basic properties of underground water flow. They showed the general directions of water flows; tracer concentrations were observed at six successive points allowing for the calculation of apparent dominant flow velocities at these sections towards the Dalongtan karst spring. For the high water level, the discharge between single sections was between two and 10 times greater than that at low water level. For the medium water level, the flow velocity at different sections was between 1.4 and 3.7 times faster than that at low water level; and for high water level, it was between 1.3 and 2.7 times faster than that at medium water level. The fastest water flow appeared at the first section (23 cm/s at medium water level); and the slowest (0.6 cm/s at low water level) appeared where water flow must cross the Tianshengan fault (north–south direction), and later, a layer of 20–30 m thickness of quartz sandstone and shale clay-stones. It was also possible to calculate the recovery of the tracer for point 4, Dakenyan, where discharge was measured. At the medium water level, 50% of the injected tracer was detected a half-day after its first appearance and at low water level after more than 3 days. The previously published research illustrates the transport velocities of possible contaminants and their solubilities in water at different hydrological conditions.