多视角聚类的数值方法研究

针对Zhang等提出的多视角子空间聚类方法,本文给出了一种求解该非凸优化问题的方法并对其提出的算法进行了新的分析和改进。得到的主要结果包括：(1)选择一个好的近似解作为初始点,提高了算法的收敛速度和对全局最优解的收敛概率。(2)用MM思想重新推导出Zhang的方法,由此证明了一个新的收敛性定理;(3)改进了Wen提出的基于流形的正交约束算法并用于求解多视角子空间聚类模型,在算法中加入了初始点,大大提高了运行速度。通过对合成数据和实际数据的实验,验证了算法的有效性。     

低盐处理对长牡蛎胚胎发育及氧化应激、能量供应和渗透调节相关酶的影响

为探究低盐诱导对长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)胚胎发育和发育初期的氧化应激、能量供应及渗透调节的影响。实验观察了低盐诱导组和对照组胚胎到达不同发育时期所用的时间以及发育初期部分酶活力的变化。研究显示,在40%～50%受精卵出现第一极体时,用盐度4～12的低盐海水处理长牡蛎受精卵15 min会导致其胚胎发育明显迟缓,且诱导盐度越低,发育速度越慢,最慢(盐度4)比对照组(盐度32)到达D形幼虫的时间滞后了4 h以上。同时,用盐度8处理15 min后,受精卵的丙酮酸激酶(Pyruvate kinase, PK)和Na~+-K~+-ATP酶水平显著降低,总抗氧化能力(Total-antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)水平显著升高(P0.05),谷草转氨酶(Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, GOT)水平无显著变化(P0.05);转入自然海水中恢复1.5 h后,四细胞期胚胎丙酮酸激酶、Na~+-K~+-ATP酶水平恢复到与对照组无显著差异,T-AOC水平回落至接近对照组水平,而谷草转氨酶水平无明显改变。说明低盐胁迫可能会导致长牡蛎受精卵糖代谢受阻,渗透调节紊乱,同时受到较严重的氧化胁迫,且这些改变在转入自然海水一定时间后即可恢复,不会对胚胎发育产生持续性影响,而GOT表达水平则始终无明显变化。研究结果表明,低盐诱导不仅会导致牡蛎受精卵胚胎发育迟缓,还可能会使其受到严重的氧化胁迫,同时阻碍其代谢功能和渗透调节。     

LEO星载GPS PPP定位周期误差分析及处理策略

采用GRACE卫星的星载GPS观测数据进行动态精密单点定位解算,发现定位误差存在明显的周期特性,第一个特性为每间隔四天的定位误差序列的波形基本重合,第二个特性为相邻两天定位误差序列有横坐标平移的趋势.基于此,提出了两种消除周期性误差的方法,分别为基于中位数建模的周期项误差剔除方法和基于平移预报的周期项误差剔除方法.前者对一组数据序列中的中间序列的精度提升较为明显,后者对精度的提升在整体上较为稳定,对两种方法的改善效果进行综合分析,最终可以将定位精度从5 dm提高到2 dm,三个方向的均方根（RMS）值得到显著降低.      

HT-7 Tokamak离子回旋波和低杂波等离子体逃逸电子行为研究

HT-7 Tokamak拥有离子回旋波(ICRF)和低杂波(LHW)两套加热系统.ICRF主要对加热离子有比较好的加热效果,LHW则主要是通过电子Landau阻尼加热电子.除此之外,在ICRF和LHW协同加热的条件下,可以对等离子体产生更有效的加热效果,增加等离子体的聚变反应截面,增加聚变中子产额.本文报道了LHW对改善ICRF和等离子体耦合的重要作用,ICRF和LHW加热等离子体中电子温度随时间的演化过程;计算了放电过程中电子逃逸的阈值能量,分析了逃逸电子的产生过程,以及放电过程中的中子产额.研究结果发     

Metabolism of polychaete Neanthes japonica Izuka： relations to temperature, salinity and body weight

Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of N. japonica were determined. Three different groups in body weight (large: 2.34±0.36 g, middle: 1.50±0.21 g and small: 0.62±0.12 g) were set for all experiments. Results show that the body weight is negatively related to the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion; and the relationship is significant. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at 24°C decreased at salinity from 5 to 30 and increased above 30, indicating that both lower and higher salinity are adverse and certain degree of salinity stress is necessary for enhancing the energy demand. At salinity 30, rising temperature from 18°C to 30°C, the oxygen consumption increased before 27°C and then decreased. However, the relation of ammonia excretion and temperature seems more complex. Two-way ANOVA shows that salinity, temperature and body weight all have a significant effect on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the worm. Moreover, interaction between salinity/temperature and body weight is also significant. O:N (oxygen/nitrogen) ratio varies greatly in this case from 5.97 to 463.22, indicating that N. japonica can regulate the type of metabolic substrate against environment changes. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30490233) and the Three-Gorge Project and the Estuarine Environment (No. SX2004-018) from the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee     

自适应滤波在LEO星载GPS实时定轨中的应用

针对低轨卫星LEO星载GPS实时定轨中存在的问题,提出了以单点定位结果为观测值,采用自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)方法进行动力平滑来实现LEO星载GPS实时动力法定轨。采用2004-03-29~31日的GRACE-A卫星实测数据进行了实时定轨计算,并分析了自适应因子、噪声补偿方差、GPS信号中断对自适应定轨的影响。通过计算分析发现,采用AKF进行LEO星载GPS实时定轨可有效解决采用EKF噪声补偿方差难以确定的难题。同时还发现,采用AKF进行LEO星载GPS实时定轨具有较强的稳定性。     

Recent climate trends on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.     

测定锰矿石中低含量钒的试验

化学分析工作要求测试快速、准确,低含量钒的测定因流程长,操作复杂,不易掌握,影响了推广使用。该试验采用分光光度法针对锰矿石中钒的测定进行了改进,取得了良好的效果。该法采用过氧化钠-碳酸钠熔融、水浸取,吸取清液依次加入硝酸、磷酸、钨酸钠溶液生成可溶性的黄色磷钨钒酸络合物,测量其吸光度,大大提高了分析效率。     

Interspecies competition for nutrients between Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve in mesocosm experiments

Three mesocosm experiments were conducted in the East China Sea during blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in May of 1998, 2002 and 2003 to examine the role of nutrients in the formation of these harmful algae blooms (HABs). The results showed that there was interspecies competition between P. donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The cell number of P. donghaiense and S. costatum accounted for about 85% and 11% of the total cell number of phytoplankton respectively at the beginning of the experiment in May 1998. In May 2002, at the beginning of the experiment, the cell number of P. donghaiense accounted for 55%—66% of the total and S. costatum accounted for 32%—42%. The density of P. donghaiense and S. costatum was over 95% and 1%—5% respectively in May 2003. The results of these three mesocosm experiments showed that the dominant species in this specific community varied with different nutrient availability. Under lowphosphate conditions, the dominant species was P. donghaiense, while S. costatum became dominant in phosphatereplete cases. The average growth rate (1.08 d-1) of S. costatum in exponential growth phase was higher than that (0.39 d-1) of P. donghaiense. In the mesocosm, S. costatum predominated in the mesocosm by its rapid growth. When phosphorus was depleted, the cell number of S. costatum dropped rapidly, while P. donghaiense Lu decreased more slowly. The results from mesocosm experiment may explain why: (1) P. donghaiense bloom usually occurs in May, when phosphate concentration is low; (2) the bloom of S. costatum appears in early spring and summer time, when nutrients increase with increasing Changjiang River (Yangtze River) runoff; (3) the bloom of S. costatum is short and that of P. donghaiense Lu can last more than a month in the East China Sea.     

Three-dimensional structure of a low salinity tongue in the southern Taiwan Strait observed in the summer of 2005

Cruise observations with CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiler were carried out in the southern Taiwan Strait in the summer of 2005. Using the cruise data, two-dimensional maps of salinity and temperature distributions at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 m were generated. The maps show a low salinity tongue sandwiched by low temperature and high salinity waters on the shallow water side and high temperature and high salinity waters on the deep water side. The further analysis indicates that the low salinity water has a nature of river-diluted water. A possible source of the diluted water is the Zhujiang (Pearl) Estuary. Meanwhile, the summer monsoon is judged as a possible driving force for this northeastward jet-like current. The coastal upwelling and the South China Sea Warm Current confine the low salinity water to flow along the central line of the strait. Previous investigations and a numerical model are used to verify that the upstream of the low salinity current is the Zhujiang Estuary. Thus, the low salinity tongue is produced by four major elements:Zhujinag Estuary diluted water, monsoon wind driving, coastal upwelling and South China Sea Warm Current modifications.