胶莱运河的修建对莱州湾水交换及海洋环境影响初探

为研究莱州湾水交换对胶莱运河修建工程的响应,以及为海洋污染治理问题提供参考,以莱州湾为重点模拟区域建立了二维平面潮流和对流扩散模型,利用渤海、黄海、莱州湾地形及海洋环境资料,结合2018年莱州湾海水水质监测结果,初步分析了胶莱运河的修建对莱州湾海洋环境现状的影响.模拟结果表明,胶莱运河建成后年径流总量约为7.2×109...     

湖泊潜流带水交换研究现状与思考

湖泊是湿地系统的重要组成部分,在维持当地水源、调节局部气候、保护生物多样性和生态环境等方面具有不可替代的地位.作为湖泊湿地系统的重要组成部分,湖水和地下水在以往的研究中常被视作独立的子系统分别调查,这极可能造成水资源评价的较大误差,导致水资源调配不合理、利用不充分.本文基于对湖泊潜流带水交换的研究现状的分析,梳理总结了...     

山东大汶口盆地采盐溶腔的不稳定性及变化特征

山东大汶口盆地岩盐矿层为多层薄层盐,夹层以硬石膏岩、泥灰岩等为主,厚度较大.在双井对流采盐中,形成横截面近倒梯形的长形体溶腔.由于溶腔顶底板岩石与溶腔存在巨大的压力差,这种形状的溶腔不稳定,顶底板岩石发生向溶腔方向的蠕变,使溶腔大小、形状不断发生变化.一是开采盐层埋藏浅,开采速度慢,虽经多年开采,但溶腔跨度尚未达到极限...     

长白山针阔混交林秋季净生态系统水气交换量

Water vapour and CO2 fluxes were measured by the eddy-covariance technique above a mixed needle and broad-leaved forest with affiliated meteorological measurements in Changbai Mountain as part of China‘s FLUX projects since late August in 2002. Net water vapour exchange and environmental control over the forest were examined from September 1 to October 31 in 2002. To quantify the seasonal dynamics, the transition period was separated into leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages according to the development of leaf area. The results showed that (a) seasonal variation of water vapour exchange was mainly controlled by net radiation (Rn) which could account for 78.5%, 63.4% and 56.6% for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages, respectively, while other environmental factors‘ effects varied evidently; (b) magnitude of water vapour flux decreased remarkably during autumn and daily mean of water vapour exchange was 24.2 mg m^-2 s^-1 (100%), 14.8 mg m^-2 s^-1 (61.2%) and 10.3 mg m^-2 s^-1 (42.6%) for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stage, respectively; and (c) the budget of water vapour exchange during autumn was estimated to be 87.1 kg H2O m2, with a mean of 1427.2 g H2O d^-1 varying markedly from 3104.0 to 227.5 g H2O m^-2d^-1.     

地理空间数据资源共享交换平台建设初探

地理空间数据资源是国家重要的信息资源和战略资源,利用基础地理空间信息数据,集成和整合与地理空间位置有关的社会经济发展需要的信息数据对推进信息化建设、防止"信息孤岛"及重复投入具有十分重要的意义。本文论述了新疆地理空间数据资源共享交换平台的初期建设情况,通过该平台的建设可以实现全疆地理空间数据资源的跨部门共享交换和开发利用,对于加快新疆地理空间数据资源开放共享机制建立健全的步伐有积极作用。     

安达曼海的热收支分析及其水交换研究

The characteristics of the T/S structures, water mass exchange and deep circulation in the Andaman Sea are investigated based on the simulation from a high-resolution general circulation model(MITgcm). The results show that, below 1 000 m, the water mass is saltier, warmer and more homogeneous in the Andaman Sea than that in the Bay of Bengal, attributing to the strong vertical mixing at the depth of ～1 800 m. The water mass exchange between the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal goes through three major channels, which manifests itself as follows: the northern channel(Preparis Channel) is the main passage of water mass transport from the Bay of Bengal to the Andaman Sea, whereas the Middle Channel(the south of Andaman Islands and the north of Nicobar Islands) has an opposite transport; the southern channel(Great Channel) features with a four-layer water exchange which results in the least net transport among the three channels; all the transports through the three channels have an intra-annual variation with a period of half a year. At 1 000-m depth, the entire Andaman Sea is occupied by a cyclonic circulation in January and July while by an anticyclonic one in April and October. The semiannual cycle found in both the deep circulation and water mass exchange is likely associated with the downwelling eastward-propagating Kelvin waves induced by the semiannual westerly component in the equatorial Indian Ocean during intermonsoon seasons.     

絮凝剂-树脂联合法从琼胶中制备琼脂糖工艺研究

琼脂糖是一种具有高凝胶特性的天然高分子红藻多糖,具有良好的物理、化学和热稳定性,在医学和科研方面具有广泛的用途。在琼脂糖制备工业中,传统生产技术的局限性造成了国内琼脂糖尚未规模化生产。因此,有必要开发新的成本可控的琼脂糖制备方法。本文采用一种聚丙烯酰胺和弱碱性苯丙烯系阴离子交换树脂联用的方法来分离制备琼脂糖,以江蓠琼胶为原料,通过单因素试验优化琼脂糖的制备参数并对琼脂糖的理化指标进行测定。所得琼脂糖硫酸根含量为0.22%、凝胶强度为1 524 g/cm²、透明度为58.9%,凝固温度为39.7℃、融化温度为87.6℃,表明其具有相对较高的质量。该工艺简单经济,对发展琼脂糖工业具有一定的参考价值。     

深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区水交换的数值研究

以人工鱼礁区的流场效应为切入点,引入水体交换时间的概念,采用数值模拟的方法,利用CFD数值模拟软件模拟了杨梅坑人工鱼礁区水动力学过程、水体交换变动情况、保守物质浓度扩散情况,为弄清人工鱼礁建设对海域生态环境的影响提供科学依据。     

胶州湾跨海大桥对海湾水体交换的影响

跨海大桥的建设有利于环湾经济的发展,但桥墩入水不可避免地会对海湾内水动力和水交换造成一定的影响。本文以胶州湾为例,利用无结构网格有限体积海洋模型,建立了能够描绘胶州湾跨海大桥入海桥墩的高精度网格,构造了胶州湾及邻近海域的三维水动力模型,模拟了胶州湾建桥前后的潮(余)流结构。在此基础上,通过污染物示踪对比了胶州湾内污染物在建桥前后的对流扩散过程。模拟结果表明,大桥的建设对胶州湾南部大部分区域的影响较小,包括潮(余)流、水交换等方面;但对大桥北侧以及南侧靠近大桥一定范围内的区域有显著影响。大桥北侧潮致余流整体减小约2cm/s,靠近桥南侧的余流则由向北转为沿桥向东流动。由于大桥的影响,污染物在大桥北侧堆积,重点集中于桥北的红岛以西(Ⅰ区)沿岸区域以及红岛以东(Ⅱ区)大部分区域。其中,Ⅰ区建桥后的半交换时间增加了2.00d,Ⅱ区增加了2.04d。在减缓污染物扩散速率的同时,大桥也同样阻碍了径流输出的淡水向胶州湾南部的输运,使得桥北水体的盐度降低,有可能是造成近年来胶州湾冬季冰情加剧的原因之一。     

氮添加对黄土高原草原生态系统净碳交换的影响

以黄土高原典型草原为对象,采用静态箱-红外分析仪联用法进行野外原位试验,研究氮添加对生态系统CO2通量的影响。设置6个氮添加水平,分别为N0(0)、N1(1.15 g·m^-2·a^-1)、N2(2.3 g·m^-2·a^-1)、N3(4.6 g·m^-2·a^-1)、N4(9.2 g·m^-2·a^-1)和N5(13.8 g·m^-2·a^-1),氮素类型为尿素((NH2)2CO)。结果表明:氮添加处理没有改变生态系统碳交换的季节动态趋势,但是增加了生态系统净碳交换能力(NEE)、生态系统呼吸(ER)和总生态系统生产力(GEP)的峰值。N2、N3、N4、N5处理的NEE生长季绝对累积量分别比对照增加62%、45%、72%和48%;ER累积量分别增加66%、69%、78%、70%;GEP累积量分别增加65%、66%、77%、68%。氮添加处理增强了黄土高原典型草原植物生长季的碳汇功能。0~10 cm层土壤温度和湿度是影响黄土高原典型草原生态系统净碳交换的重要因素。