孟加拉湾季风对热带气旋生成和发展的调制机制研究

孟加拉湾与其他热带海盆不同,在季风影响下,该地区热带气旋具有双气旋季的独特结构(4—5月的春季转换期和10—11月的秋季转换期)。虽然孟加拉湾气旋频数在10—11月较多,但是4—5月超强气旋(Saffir-Simpson 4,5级)的生成率却远高于10—11月。1981—2016年,春季转换期内孟加拉湾超强气旋都与第一支北传季节内振荡(First Northward-propagating Intra-Seasonal Oscillation,FNISO)相应而生,然而并不是所有伴随FNISO发生的气旋都能发展成为超强气旋。因此本研究以气旋生成指数为基础,利用气旋最佳轨道数据以及NCEP的海气参量数据,诊断指出孟加拉湾夏季风形成的强垂直风速剪切配合低层大气旋度和气旋潜在强度抵消夏季风期间水汽对气旋生成的促进作用,造成双峰分布,而中层大气相对湿度差异双峰不对称的主因。FNISO强度的不同与深对流中心与气旋中心的相对位置的差异,使得部分气旋受季节内振荡影响更大,强深对流的超越作用导致更显著的高低层大气温差,促使气旋具有且达到更大的潜在强度。在年际尺度上大气高低层温差的不同也是引起气旋潜在强度不同的主要原因。当季节内尺度和年际尺度共同作用,使得部分气旋发展成为超强气旋。     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

晚上新世以来菲律宾海盆XT4孔黏土矿物特征及其古环境意义

菲律宾海是典型风尘汇聚区,菲律宾海远离吕宋岛的深海沉积物是重建构造尺度亚洲风尘演化历史的良好载体.选取菲律宾海盆XT4孔沉积物开展了黏土矿物研究,并结合前人研究成果,在明确该孔黏土矿物来源的基础上,探讨了晚上新世以来亚洲风尘的演化历史及其可能的影响机制.菲律宾海盆XT4孔黏土矿物以伊利石为主,平均含量为39％,蒙脱石含...     

亚洲大陆边缘沉积学研究进展(2011-2020)

近十年来,我国在亚洲大陆边缘沉积学和古海洋学研究中取得了突破性进展.在空间上,对北起拉普捷夫海、南至孟加拉湾的广大海域进行了沉积物调查取样,开展了跨纬度"源-汇"过程研究,建立了陆架第四纪高分辨率地层层序,初步揭示了构造运动、海平面变化、亚洲季风、海冰、海流以及人类活动等因素在不同时空尺度上对亚洲大陆边缘"源-汇"过程...     

东亚季风涌对我国东部大尺度降水过程的影响分析

将NECP/NCAR资料中850 hPa纬向风分量进行30～60天带通滤波,用大气季节内振荡（ISO）来表征东亚夏季风涌的活动特征。研究表明,长江中下游地区和淮河流域分别出现涝年时,都伴有很显著的季风涌向北传播的特征。季风涌的北传实质就是季风中来自热带地区ISO的向北传播。季风涌北传过程中,得到来自东西两侧纬向传播的ISO补充。纬向传播的ISO在110°E～120°E附近汇合后增强自热带地区向北传的季风涌,使得季风涌在经向上可以继续向北传播,并对我国东部地区夏季大尺度降水过程产生一定的影响。纬向补充的ISO特征差异对我国东部大尺度降水位置会产生一定的差异。     

印尼贯穿流源区马鲁古海与哈马黑拉海水团来源的季节和年际变化

So far, large uncertainties of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) reside in the eastern Indonesian seas, such as the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea. In this study, the water sources of the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea are diagnosed at seasonal and interannual timescales and at different vertical layers, using the state-of-the-art simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model(OGCM) for Earth Simulator(OFES). Asian monsoon leaves clear seasonal footprints on the eastern Indonesian seas. Consequently, the subsurface waters(around 24.5σ_θ and at ～150 m) in both the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea stem from the South Pacific(SP) during winter monsoon, but during summer monsoon the Maluku Sea is from the North Pacific(NP), and the Halmahera Sea is a mixture of waters originating from the NP and the SP. The monsoon impact decreases with depth, so that in the Maluku Sea, the intermediate water(around 26.8σ_θ and at ～480 m) is always from the northern Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea water is mainly from the SP in winter and the Banda Sea in summer. The deep waters(around27.2σ_θ and at ～1 040 m) in both seas are from the SP, with weak seasonal variability. At the interannual timescale,the subsurface water in the Maluku Sea originates from the NP/SP during El Ni?o/La Ni?a, while the subsurface water in the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. Similar to the seasonal variability, the intermediate water in Maluku Sea mainly comes from the Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. The deep waters in both seas are from the SP. Our findings are helpful for drawing a comprehensive picture of the water properties in the Indonesian seas and will contribute to a better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the maritime continent.     

黄土高原古气候变化定量重建的新进展

中国黄土- 红黏土沉积是可与深海沉积媲美的陆相沉积载体,记录了晚新生代东亚大陆气候环境变化历史。基于中国黄土的多种理化指标,重建了黄土高原地区构造- 千年尺度东亚季风变化历史,为探讨区域与全球气候的联系提供了关键证据。近年来,黄土高原古气候变化研究逐步从定性描述拓展到定量重建,本文旨在回顾基于中国黄土定量重建古温度和古降雨变化取得的重要进展。首先,梳理了古气候要素定量重建的指标和方法,古温度重建指标包括植硅体、碳酸盐耦合同位素、微生物脂类代用指标等;古降水变化敏感指标包括磁化率、白云石/方解石含量、生物微钙体Sr/Ca比值、有机碳同位素以及10Be等。然后,汇总了典型黄土剖面定量重建的古气候变化序列,分别从构造、轨道及千年时间尺度上探讨了古温度和古降雨的变化特征。结果表明,基于生标重建的不同时间跨度的土壤古温度变化序列,在冰期—间冰期尺度上的波动特征基本一致,但在冰盛期—冰消期时段出现了增温超前现象,说明陆地植被对土壤温度变化有重要调制作用。然而,不同指标重建的降水变化幅度差异较大,主导周期也存在差异,说明定量重建降水变化仍有较大挑战。最后,简要总结了黄土高原古气候定量重建存在的问题,明确了区分温度和降水季节性变化的重要性,指出加强地质记录与模拟结果的对比同化,将有助深化对多尺度季风变化动力学的理解。     

北回归线上的绿宝石——鼎湖山

缘于得天独厚的地理位置和大自然的偏爱,在地球北回归线沙漠带上,"绿洲"只现身于中国国土……     

长沙县土地整理中心

长沙县位于湖南中东部,紧邻长沙市,属江南典型丘陵地区,全县处于东亚季风湿润区,气候温和,热量丰富,雨水充沛,四季分明,生长期长,适合水稻、茶、花卉苗木等多种作物生长。辖内土地总面积1997平方公里,人口73.8万,耕地总面积863431亩,基本农田768000亩,人均耕地1．17亩。     

1998年季风爆发期南海大气边界层的日变化

在南海尚未有关于海洋大气边界层结构日变化方面的研究.研究海洋大气边界层,有利于我们更好地研究海洋表层结构变化影响机制,对发生在海洋大气边界层上的过程进行预测预报.因此了解南海海洋大气边界层的结构特征,对于我们进一步了解南海天气尺度海气相互作用有非常重要的意义.通过对1998年在南海南部(6°15′N,110°E)和南海北部(20°29′39″N,116°57′48″E)的南海季风试验中定点科考船释放一天四次的探空观测资料分析得出,季风爆发前海洋大气边界层存在规则的日变化,在中午达到深厚.季风爆发后南海北部大气边界层日变化消失,南海南部依然明显.分析表明对其日变化起重要影响的是短波辐射;潜热输送对大气边界层高度日变化影响不大.与大气边界层厚度日变化相对应,南海南部边界层内水汽日变化明显,而南海北部较不明显.