中国和东南亚大气中的水汽含量和输送(根据夏季季风试验资料)

文章根据“夏季季风试验”国际计划期间所获得的高空观测资料，得出了中国和东南亚上空夏季季风及其各个阶段的大气水汽交换基本特征的时空规律。所得结果对于完成东南亚水份平衡计算和建立水份平衡模式具有实际意义。     

中国和东南亚大气中的水汽含量和输送

文章根据“夏季季风试验”国际计划期间所获得的高空观测资料，得出了 东南亚上空夏季季风及其各个阶段的大气水汽交换基本特征的时空规律。所得结果对于完成东南亚水份平衡计算和建立水份平衡模式具有实际意义。     

新疆地表水资源对亚洲中部未来气候变化的响应

在未来的亚洲中中气候变冷过程中，从咸海干涸海底和卡拉博加戈尔湾等等内陆湖泊和地区吹起的盐粒，农田排出的农药残余物，尘埃微粒等－固态大陆型气溶胶具有主要的作用。在这一过程中，环流及该区域的生物系统对气候的变化可能起着相反的影响。     

黄土与古季风

中国黄土的古季风记录研究，揭示了东亚季风区的环境变迁历史是来自中，高纬大陆的偏北冬季风与来自中，低纬海洋的偏南夏季风的环境效应优势期相互交替的历史。文中简要介绍了有关黄土高原黄土与古季风研究的重要进展，侧重讨论了中原地区末次冰期高分辨率黄土所记录的冬季风和夏季风变迁的特征，最后就今后全球变化计划的黄土与古季内研究提出了几点意义。     

对比加深印象 实践促进掌握

我国东部地区夏秋季节的降水大多是锋面雨，这与我国东部地区强大的季风环流有密切关系，我在课堂上讲解冷锋与暖锋时一般是通过对比来区别不同点的：1、锋面坡度的大小，冷锋锋面坡度较陡，而暖锋锋面坡度较缓；2、降水地带(雨带)与锋线的相对位置，玲锋雨带分布在锋线前后，暖锋雨带分布于锋线的玲气团一侧。     

气压带、风带对我国天气和气候的影响

人们谈到我国天气和气候时，往往只强调季风，实际上，我国的天气和气候受副热带高气压带和西风带的影响相当明显。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS LATE OR EARLY ONSET

The characteristics of atmospheric heat source associated with the summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. A criterion of the SCS summer monsoon onset is defined by the atmospheric hea…     

青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展

文中回顾了近 10a来吴国雄等在青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究方面的最新进展。通过分析东西风交界面的演变证明 ,由于青藏高原的春季加热 ,亚洲季风区对流层低层冬季盛行偏东风转变为夏季偏西南风最早发生在孟加拉湾东部 ,与其相伴随的激烈对流降水出现在其东面。因此孟加拉湾东部至中印半岛西部是亚洲季风最早爆发的地区。同时也指出盛夏伊朗高原和青藏高原加热所激发的同相环流嵌套在欧亚大陆尺度的热力环流中 ,从而加强了东亚的夏季风 ,加剧了中西亚的干旱 ;并通过其所激发的波动对夏季东亚的气候格局产生重要影响。文中还比较了夏季南亚高压的伊朗模态和青藏模态性质的异同及其对亚洲夏季降水异常分布的不同影响。     

亚洲纬向环流指数季节变化与内蒙古中西部牧区冬季白灾的关系

“亚洲纬向环流指数季节变化与黑白灾的关系”是吕发泰在20世纪80年代初研制的长期预报方法，当时以季节变化时间6月中旬为横轴，季节变化的强度0．5为纵轴，组成一个三要素点聚图，对应锡盟R中/11-2正距平覆盖率。第一象限为正，第二、四象限为负，第三象限个例太少难以判断。随着白灾分析与预报研究的深入，     

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.