基于风云三号卫星微波资料反演我国地表土壤湿度及其对比

土壤湿度是联系陆地水循环和能量循环的纽带,是地表最重要的水资源,也是一个重要的气象预报因子。基于风云三号卫星微波资料,采用能量辐射传输模型反演了我国逐日地表土壤湿度(FY-3B),并估算了其系统误差;然后,与中国气象局农业气象站观测资料和ERA-Interim、NCEP再分析资料进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,FY-3B土壤湿度呈由西北地区向东北和东南地区逐渐增加的空间分布特征,与农气站观测资料和两套再分析资料基本一致;其系统误差与植被覆盖度密切相关,我国西南部植被茂密的地区系统误差较大。FY-3B土壤湿度的季节性变化与农气站观测资料在全国范围有较好的一致性,总体表现为冬季土壤湿度较高,随着春季气温升高蒸散发增加,土壤湿度逐渐降低;夏天雨季来临,土壤湿度回升。然而,FY-3B土壤湿度与ERA-Interim和NCEP再分析资料在东北部分地区和长江流域以南呈很强的负相关,这主要是由于季节性干湿变化的不一致性所致;这表明,ERA-Interim和NCEP土壤湿度再分析资料在这些地区存在较大的不确定性。     

中国地区两种MODIS气溶胶产品的比较分析

对比分析了2003-2009年中国及其周边地区中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)C004和C005的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品特征,并将MODIS的气溶胶产品与AERONET观测站资料做了对比分析。结果表明：(1)中国及其周边地区AOD平均值为0.34±0.32,具有显著的空间变化;C005反演算法得到的AOD产品对C...     

Simulation of the radiative effect of black carbon aerosols and the regional climate responses over China

As part of the development work of the Chinese new regional climate model (RIEMS), the radiative process of black carbon (BC) aerosols has been introduced into the original radiative procedures of RIEMS,and the transport model of BC aerosols has also been established and combined with the RIEMS model.Using the new model system, the distribution of black carbon aerosols and their radiative effect over the China region are investigated. The influences of BC aerosole on the atmospheric radiative transfer and on the air temperature, land surface temperature, and total rainfall are analyzed. It is found that BC aerosols induce a positive radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which is dominated by shortwave radiative forcing. The maximum radiative forcing occurs in North China in July and in South China in April. At the same time, negative radiative forcing is observed on the surface. Based on the radiative forcing comparison between clear sky and cloudy sky, it is found that cloud can enforce the TOA positive radiative forcing and decrease the negative surface radiative forcing. The responses of the climate system in July to the radiative forcing due to BC aerosols are the decrease in the air temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River and Huaihe area and most areas of South China, and the weak increase or decrease in air temperature over North China. The total rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River area is increased, but it decreased in North China in July.     

近地面O3变化化学反应机理的数值研究

利用中尺度气象模式（MM5）及区域化学模式（RADM）对中国地区近地面O3变化化学反应机理进行了数值模拟研究。主要研究了近地面O3变化与其主要前体物NMHC（非甲烷烃）、NOx、CO等之间复杂相互作用关系。主要结论为:（1） 污染地区近地面O3变化主要受光化学作用控制;而清洁地区地面O3变化主要受大气背景O3浓度影响。（2）NMHC和NOx的变化对HO2和OH自由基的影响是十分复杂的,O3的反馈作用对自由基的影响是不可忽视的。（3）在高NOx污染地区的地面上空可能出现高O3污染。（4）在O3光化学反应机理中同样存在线性相关关系。     

估算冻结（融化）深度方法的比较及在中国地区的修正和应用

利用中国地区的冻土观测资料计算比较了常用冻土活动层深度估算的几种方法,并对影响估算的主要因子进行了讨论。结果表明：考虑了土壤水分变化、土壤水分相变潜热变化、积雪和植被效应的指数与实际观测值之间有较好的拟合;在采用分区插值方法对温度进行处理,并应用数字化高程、数字化植被和土壤数据的基础上,采用和观测值相关较高的Kudryavtsev指数计算、以ArcGIS为工具获取的中国地区冻土分布更为合理。