Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

The deterioration of air quality is threatening the life and health of people. Scientists in China and other countries have done a great deal of research work on the details of air pollution and the methods of preven-tion and control during the past decades. Up to now, most of the achievements are concentrated on the techniques of controlling pollutant sources and the programs of reduction, which focus on the improve-ment of air quality and the restoration of environment. The techniques of con…     

高纬向阳侧磁层顶通量传输事件的特性研究——通量管轴线方位及运动分析

本文分析了2001年2月和3月期间Cluster Ⅱ穿越磁层顶前后的观测资料,检测到13个通量传输事件（FTEs）.用多颗卫星磁场测量资料的最小方差分析（MVAB）方法确定FTE的管轴方向（其中6个方向较可靠）.FTE管轴方向的分布和低纬处不同,在磁顶法线坐标系LMN中对M轴有较大偏离,比较靠近L轴.deHoffmann-Teller(HT)分析指出,13个FTEs都存在一个很好的HT参考系,表明它们以一个准稳的MHD结构运动.对垂直于管轴方向的运动分析表明FTEs并不一定和背景等离子体一起对流,它们可快于或慢于背景流,但FTEs的运动和背景流基本沿相同方向,其间可有一不大的夹角.在HT坐标系中,10个FTEs的等离子体速度接近零, 其他3个FTEs的等离子体速度约为局地Alfven波速的14%,都不符合Walen关系.其中北半球事件的Walen曲线为正斜率,南半球事件为负斜率,这说明等离子体沿磁力线（北半球顺着磁场,南半球逆着磁场）流向磁层.     

苏门答腊--蒙古(1935～1957)地震大迁移的回顾

为了分析2004年12月26日苏门答腊Ms8．9大地震对大陆地震形势的影响,本文介绍了1935～1957年苏门答腊-蒙古地震大迁移事件,时间持续22年,长度4600km,迁移速度205km／a。迁移以1935年12月28日苏门答腊Ms7．7地震为起点,从印度-澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块南部边界俯冲事件开始,向北经安达曼海沟到达缅甸弧和喜马拉雅弧东端后,进入中国大陆,沿着中蒙大陆中轴地震带直抵蒙古。     

考虑超随机特性的人工地震动合成

文中根据自相关函数随机噪声部分的2个重要性质提出了自相关函数随机噪声部分的迭代生成算法,并给出了以确定性自相关函数为目标函数,考虑随机噪声部分影响的人工合成地震动方法.本文的研究结果表明地震动加速度的平方和（SS）比峰值加速度（PGA）更好地量度了地震地面运动强度.文中用蒙特卡罗方法分析了自相关函数噪声项对人工合成地震动幅值和反应谱的影响：由于自相关函数的随机噪声项对地震动总功率或平方和的贡献为0,因此随机噪声项对合成地震动幅值的影响不大,但由于自相关函数随机噪声项明显改变了地震动功率谱在频域上的分布特征,使原本光滑的平均反应谱出现了明显的波动,从而在一定程度上提高了平均反应谱的峰值,使自相关函数噪声部分对平均反应谱也有一些影响.     

结构平稳随机地震反应时域分析:方法

给出了三种常用的随机地震地面运动过程模型,即理想白噪声模型、金井清模型、改进金井清模型的相关函数表达式.引入状态向量,在状态空间中建立地震地面运动激励下的结构振动方程,并求解出结构的复模态特性和复模态反应.利用复模态叠加法推导出线性时不变多自由度体系在这三种随机地震动激励下的平稳协方差反应的解析式,可在时域内直接计算结构随机反应的统计特征.该方法物理概念清晰,结论简便明确,可作为实际工程结构平稳随机地震反应的实用分析方法.     

地震活动参数b值与地震分维关系的再探讨

本用最大似然法对云南省几个不同地区大震发生前后时期的ｂ值进行了扫描,并用数盒子法和相关函数法计算了相应时期内地震震中分布的容量Ｄ０,信息维Ｄ１和关联维Ｄ２的随时间变化,用最小二乘法拟合了不同地区ｂ值与各阶段分维值的关系,发现各阶分维与ｂ值均有正的线性相关关系,此结果与ＡＫｉ从理论上推出的Ｄ＝２ｂ基本一致,本从分维与ｂ值的物理实质对所得结果进行了分析和探讨。     

随深度指数变化的视电阻率解

从横向均匀介质满足的基本方程出发,得到视电阻率核函数的一阶非线性微分方程,通过方程求解,并利用滤波系数法容易得到电阻率随深度任意变化的视电阻率问题。当各层介质电性结构随深度呈指数变化时,还可得到各层之间核函数的递推关系,这对实际介质的正反演问题都有重要意义和应用价值。     

Reservoir induced earthquakes analyzed via radial basis function networks

Estimation of the magnitude of reservoir induced seismicity is essential for seismic risk analysis of dam sites. Different geological and empirical methods dealing with the mechanism or magnitude of such earthquakes are available in the literature. In this study, a method based on an artificial neural network utilizing radial basis functions (RBF network) was employed to analyze the problem. The network has only two input neurons, one representing the maximum depth of the reservoir and the other being a comprehensive parameter representing reservoir geometry. Magnitudes of the induced earthquakes predicted using the RBF network were compared with the actual recorded data. Compared with the conventional statistical approach, the proposed method gives a better prediction, both in terms of coefficients of correlation and error rates.     

A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems

Feldspar phenocrysts of silicic volcanic rocks are commonly in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium with groundmass. In some cases the feldspar is more radiogenic, and in others it is less radiogenic. Several explanations have been published previously, but none of these is able to accommodate both senses of disequilibrium. We present a model by which either more- or less-radiogenic feldspar (or even both within a single eruptive unit) can originate. The model requires a magma body open to interaction with biotite- and feldspar-bearing wall rock. Magma is incrementally contaminated as wall rock melts incongruently. Biotite preferentially melts first, followed by feldspar. Such melting behavior, which is supported by both field and experimental studies, first contaminates magma with a relatively radiogenic addition, followed by a less-radiogenic addition. Feldspar phenocrysts lag behind melt (groundmass of volcanic rock) in incorporating the influx of contaminant, thus resulting in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the crystals and melt. The sense of disequilibrium recorded in a volcanic rock depends on when eruption quenches the contamination process. This model is testable by isotopic fingerprinting of individual feldspar crystals. For a given set of geologic boundary conditions, specific core-to-rim Sr-isotopic profiles are expectable. Moreover, phenocrysts that nucleate at different times during the contamination process should record different and predictable parts of the history. Initial results of Sr-isotopic fingerprinting of sanidine phenocrysts from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite are consistent with the model. More tests of the model are desirable.