GPS单频精密单点定位方法与实践

讨论了单频精密单点定位的解算方法与思路,编写了单频精密动态单点定位的程序,实现了事后动态单频精密单点定位.     

The ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) and its application to determining the ionospheric delay for GPS

A new method for modeling the ionospheric delay using global positioning system (GPS) data is proposed, called the ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM). It is based on establishing a concept referred to as the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and the IEF’s influence factor (IFF) . The IEF can be used to make a relatively precise distinction between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, whereas the IFF is advantageous for describing the IEF’s variations with day, month, season and year, associated with seasonal variations of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. By combining λ and with the local time t of IPP, the IEFM has the ability to precisely distinguish between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, as well as efficiently combine them during different seasons or months over a year at the IPP. The IEFM-based ionospheric delay estimates are validated by combining an absolute positioning mode with several ionospheric delay correction models or algorithms, using GPS data at an international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service (IGS) station (WTZR). Our results indicate that the IEFM may further improve ionospheric delay modeling using GPS data.     

Global scale annual and semi-annual variations of daytime NmF2 in the high solar activity years

The annual and semi-annual variations of the ionosphere are investigated in the present paper by using the daytime F2 layer peak electron concentration (NmF2) observed at a global ionosonde network with 104 stations. The main features are outlined as follows. (1) The annual variations are most pronounced at magnetic latitudes of 40–60° in both hemispheres, and usually manifest as winter anomalies; Below magnetic latitude of 40° as well as in the tropical region they are much weaker and winter anomalies that are not obvious. (2) The semi-annual variations, which are usually peak in March or April in most regions, are generally weak in the near-pole regions and strong in the far-pole regions of both hemispheres. (3) Compared with their annual components, the semi-annual variations in the tropical region are more significant.In order to explain the above results, we particularly analyze the global atomic/molecular ratio of [O/N2] at the F2 layer peak height by the MSIS90 model. The results show that the annual variation of [O/N2] is closely related with that of NmF2 prevailing in mid-latitudes and [O/N2] annual variation usually may lead to the winter anomalies of NmF2 occurring in the near-pole region. Moreover, NmF2 semi-annual variations appearing in the tropical region also have a close relationship with the variation of [O/N2]. On the other hand, the semi-annual variations of NmF2 in the far-pole region cannot be simply explained by that of [O/N2], but the variation of the solar zenith angle may also have a significant contribution.     

昆明长水机场气候特征分析

利用昆明市1951—2010年逐日气象数据,采用回归分析法和Mann-Kendall突变分析法进行分析和检验,确定了昆明市极端降水和极端温度天气事件。在此基础上,对昆明长水机场极端天气背景下大雾天气航班安全运行开展研究,并在对比昆明长水机场与原巫家坝机场大雾特点的基础上,制定出航班安全运行的应对措施。研究表明,近几年昆明市极端温度和极端降水事件呈现增多趋势;因地形原因,长水机场出现大雾的频率远高于原巫家坝机场;大雾造成的低能见度天气背景下,航班的安全运行需要航空公司各部门的通力协作。     

具有随机扰动和混合时滞的两层异质网络的同步研究

在现实生活中,很多复杂的系统不是由单个网络来表示,而是由一组相互依赖的网络系统来表示的.本文研究了具有随机扰动和混合时滞的两层异质网络的对应节点的同步控制问题.基于随机微分时滞方程的LaSalle不变原理和Lyapunov稳定性理论,采用牵制控制方法,对部分节点实施控制,给出了实现同步的充分条件.为了降低反馈控制的增益,结合自适应控制的方法,进一步弱化了两层异质网络实现同步的条件.最后,通过数值仿真,验证了理论结果的有效性.     

BPM时号传播时延的连续观测与研究

利用新研制的短波传播时延实时数字显示系统,在武汉电离层观象台对BPM时号的传播时延进行了长时间连续观测。发现这种时延曲线的主要特征是:它是分段光滑的,光滑段工的相对时间比对精度可优于0.1ms;各光滑段之间,时延值发生突跳。结合多普勒图和频高图的同时观测记录,解释了时延突跳的原因,着重说明了突跳好几毫秒的所谓异常时号的传播机制。此外,还讨论了提高短波授时精度的某些技术措施。     

Some results of night-time scintillations at low latitude

Ionospheric scintillation observations of VHF radio signals from FLEETSAT satellite (73°E longitude) at Bhopal from January 1990 to December 1990 have been used to study the characteristic variations of scintillation activity. It is found that scintillation occurrence is essentially a night-time phenomenon and day-time scintillations are very rare. Annual average nocturnal variation of percentage occurrence of scintillations shows maximum at around 2100–2200 hours LT. Seasonally, scintillations are most prominent during equinoxes and least during summer. Geomagnetic disturbances tend to decrease the occurrence of scintillations in the pre-midnight period.     

极隙区粒子和电流的观测和研究

处于高纬向日面的极隙区是太阳风能量、动量和质量可以直接进入地球磁场并到达地球的近地空间的区域。本文简要介绍了极隙区的观测和研究，综述了极隙区的粒子沉降、场向电流、等离子体对流和电离层电流的特征。     

1998年5月磁暴磁层电流体系的地磁效应分析

低纬度地区地磁场的短时变化主要由以下电流体系产生:电离层发电机电流(IDC)、对称环电流(SRC)以及由部分环电流和Ⅱ区场向电流及其电离层回路组成的内磁层三维电流体系(PRFI).此外,由Ⅰ区场向电流及其电离层回路组成的电流体系(FACI)所产生的低纬地磁场也是不可忽略的.本文针对1998年5月1-6日的大磁暴,首先利用多个同子午线台站对的数据分离并消去由IDC电流产生的Sq场.然后,通过线性建模分离其他电流体系产生的磁场成分.结果表明:(1)发生在5月1-6日的磁暴可以分为两个过程,PRFI和FACI电流体系在1-3日不明显,在4-5日伴随着亚暴强烈发生.(2)SRC的变化情况在第一阶段同Dst指数相似,在第二阶段明显滞后于Dst指数.(3)在5月4-5日,PRFI在SRC之前增强,随着PRFI和FACI的恢复,SRC开始增强.这一结果为我们了解环电流和场向电流的形成以及它们的关系提供线索.     

非单一电离层扰动场的台阵探测分析

真实的ＴＩＤ一类大尺度电离层扰动是非平稳和色散的，而且是统计非单一的．本文首先给出了描述这种真实扰动场的数学模型，进而导出了联系台阵探测可测量与扰动场传播参量的观测方程，在此基础上提出了求解观测方程的时频分析方法．这一台阵探测数据分析的新方法，既能分离出非单一电离层扰动场中各种准单一扰动成分，又能获得准单一扰动成分传播参量随时间的演变和随频率的色散．分析实例表明，本文方法分辨率好，精度高，结果可靠，是适用于ＴＩＤ一类大尺度电离层扰动台阵探测数据分析的有效方法．