痔清消保留灌肠对急性放射性直肠炎的防治效果观察

目的：探讨痔清消保留灌肠对急性放射性直肠炎的防治疗效。方法：选取90 例行放射治疗的盆腔恶性肿瘤患者,随机分为3组,每组各30 例,对照组予放疗常规护理,观察1组在对照组的基础上于放射治疗2 周后行痔清消保留灌肠,观察2组在对照组基础上于放射治疗第1天开始行痔清消保留灌肠,比较3组患者急性放射性肠炎的发生时间、发生率、干预前后的卡氏评分（KPS）和不良反应的发生情况。结果：观察2组急性放射性肠炎发生时间、发生率、KPS评分与观察1组、对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3组患者无明显不良反应。结论：于放射治疗第1天开始行西医常规护理+痔清消保留灌肠能推迟急性放射性肠炎的发生时间,降低其发生率及严重程度,有助于提高患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

倾向性评分匹配法评估手术联合术中放疗在肝癌治疗中的安全性及有效性

目的 倾向性评分匹配法（Propensity Score Matching,PSM）评估手术联合术中放疗治疗原发性肝癌的安全性及疗效。方法 收集2009~2012年于笔者医院肝胆外科行手术联合术中放疗（intraoperative electron radiotherapy,IOERT）的18例原发性肝癌（primary liver cancer,PLC）患者的临床资料,其中16例经术后病理证实为肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）,2例为肝内胆管细胞癌（intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas,ICC）;采用倾向性评分匹配方法,按照1∶2比例从同期行单纯手术的原发性肝癌患者中筛选出36例做为对照组（32例HCC,4例ICC）,比较两组患者术中及术后并发症发生情况及HCC患者术后早期（2年内）复发率。结果 所有患者均获随访,随访率100%。两组患者术中出血量、术后3个月内肝功能、凝血功能、血常规及术后住院天数的比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,仅在手术时长方面,联合IOERT组长于单纯手术组（P=0.000）。此外,联合IOERT组术后出现1例急性肾功能衰竭和1例胸腔积液,单纯手术组术后出现1例肝创面出血。在疗效方面,以两组48例HCC患者为研究对象,联合IOERT组的HCC患者为16例,其中6例在2年内复发,早期复发率为37.5%;单纯手术组的HCC患者为32例,20例在2年内复发,早期复发率为62.5%,两组早期复发率的比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.101）。结论 手术联合术中放疗治疗原发性肝癌安全可行,尽管联合放疗组早期复发率低于单纯手术组,但差异并无统计学意义。     

Changes in Agricultural Biodiversity： Implications for Sustainable Livelihood in the Himalaya

Himalayan mountain system is distinguished globally for a rich biodiversity and for its role in regulating the climate of the South Asia.Traditional crop-livestock mixed farming in the Himalaya is highly dependent on forests for fodder and manure prepared from forest leaf litter and livestock excreta. Apart from sustaining farm production, forests provide a variety of other tangible and intangible benefits, which are critical for sustainable livelihood of not only 115 million mountain people, but also many more people living in the adjoining plains. Extension of agricultural landuse coupled with replacement of traditional staple food crops by cash crops and of multipurpose agroforestry trees by fruit trees are widespread changes. Cultivation of Fagopyrum esculentum,Fagopyrum tataricum, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Pisum arvense has been almost abandoned. Increasing stress on cash crops is driven by a socio-cultural change from subsistence to market economy facilitated by improvement in accessibility and supply of staple food grains at subsidized price by the government. Farmers have gained substantial economic benefits from cash crops. However, loss of agrobiodiversity implies more risks to local livelihood in the events of downfall in market price/demand of cash crops, termination of supply of staple food grains at subsidized price, pest outbreaks in a cash crop dominated homogeneous landscape and abnormal climate years. Indigenous innovations enabling improvement in farm economy by conserving and/enhancing agrobiodiversity do exist, but are highly localized. The changes in agrobiodiversity are such that soil loss and run-off from the croplands have dramatically increased together with increase in local pressure on forests. As farm productivity is maintained with forest-based inputs, continued depletion of forest resources will result in poor economic returns from agriculture to local people,apart from loss of global benefits from Himalayan forests. Interventions including improvement in traditional manure and management of on-farm trees,participatory development of agroforestry in degraded forest lands and policies favoring economic benefits to local people from non-timber forest products could reduce the risks of decline in agricultural biodiversity and associated threats to livelihoods and Himalayan ecosystems.     

鸦胆子油乳注射液联合放疗治疗肺癌脑转移的系统评价

目的：系统评价鸦胆子油乳注射液联合放疗治疗肺癌脑转移的临床疗效。方法：检索中国知网（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、PubMed、EMbase等数据库自平台建立至2023年7月31日收录的有关鸦胆子油乳注射液联合放疗治疗肺癌脑转移的随机对照试验（RCT）,采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入13项研究,967例患者。与对照组相比,治疗组临床有效率［RR=1.22,95%CI（1.13,1.31）,P<0.00001］、疾病进展时间［MD=1.20,95%CI(0.84,1.55),P<0.00001］、CD4⁺/CD8⁺［MD=0.32,95%CI（0.25,0.40）,P<0.00001］、NK细胞［MD=3.53,95%CI（2.26,4.80）,P<0.00001］、血液系统不良反应［RR=0.61,95%CI（0.47,0.79）,P=0.0002］、消化系统不良反应［RR=0.54,95%CI（0.36,0.82）,P=0.003］方面疗效优于对照组。结论：鸦胆子油乳注射液联合放疗对肺癌脑转移患者疗效显著,可提高临床治疗有效率,延长疾病进展时间,提高患者免疫力,减轻血液系统、胃肠道不良反应。     

肿瘤放射治疗中扇贝硒蛋白的作用

以雄性昆明种小鼠为实验对象,在接种瘤株之前ｄ,放疗实验组以及扇贝硒蛋白（Ｓｅｌｅｎｉｕｍ－ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｏｆＣｈｌａｍｙｓｆａｒｒｅｒｉ（ＳＰＣＦ）胃饲,接种Ｓ１８０瘤株后,继续胃饲,连续２２ｄ,结果表明,扇贝硒蛋白使肿瘤生长减缓,并使荷瘤鼠因放疗而下降的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ（Ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ）,ＳＯＤ（Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｎｔｕｓｅ）ＣＡＴ酶活性增强,ＬＰＯ（Ｌｉｐｉｄ     

中药口腔护理预防鼻咽癌放疗后口腔感染38例临床观察

目的：探讨中药口腔护理预防鼻咽癌放疗后口腔感染的效果。方法：将行放疗的鼻咽癌患者76 例随机分成观察组和对照组,每组各38 例。观察组采用中药口腔护理干预,对照组采用常规口腔护理干预。观察2组患者的口腔感染情况,干预前后肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）水平以及护理满意度。结果：总感染率观察组为13.15%（5/38）,低于对照组的34.21%（13/38）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组干预后TNF-α、IL-6、CRP及IL-2水平均较干预前显著改善（P<0.01）,且观察组改善程度优于对照组（P<0.05）。护理满意度之总满意率观察组为94.74%（36/38）,高于对照组的76.32%（29/38）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中药口腔护理干预能够降低鼻咽癌患者放疗后口腔感染发生率,改善炎症因子及免疫调节因子水平,提高患者护理满意度。     

一种用于三维辐照剂量检测的光学CT技术

放射治疗已经发展到3D适形和调强阶段,使得剂量不但具有3D空间分布而且随时间变化,传统的3D水箱的静态测量方式已经不能满足剂量验证的要求。本论文提出了用组织等效性好的辐射敏感材料制成模体,模体辐照后产生辐射效应并存储空间剂量分布信息,然后采用OCT读出剂量分布,从而完成测量任务,发展成3D凝胶剂量学。本课题设计研制了用于聚合物凝胶模体3D剂量检测的光学CT系统,采用锥束投照扫描,帧投影采集方式,对约580 nm波长可见光的衰减系数进行图像重建,并在此基础上描绘等剂量图等放疗临床需要的剂量学资料。OCT的扫描重建时间,分辨能力,剂量响应等都得到满意的结果。采用自制的MAGIC测量模体,用6 MV医用加速器的X射线进行照射,空间剂量分布信息存储稳定,并得到满意的剂量图。     

PIONEER PLANTS FOR ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY IN DRAINAGE BASIN OF ERLONGSHAN RESERVOIR IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

This article reveals the ecological features and the theories and methods of introducing pioneer plants in the process of eco-restoring in different degenerative ecosystems in the drainage basin of Erlongshan Reservoir in Heilongjiang Province by systemically studying the deteriorative ecosystems and using recovery theory. The study shows that with the rise in degenerative degrees of the ecosystems, bio-species and bio-diversity sharply decrease in the study area and microclimate becomes wanner and drier in natural ecosystem. Therefore, we must attach importance to the construction of plants and biodiversity. In the study, different pioneer plants are selected for different degenerative ecosystems to restore and maintain the service functions of the ecosystems.     

中西医结合护理干预食管癌放疗反应23例效果观察

目的：观察中西医结合护理干预食管癌放疗反应的临床效果。方法：将46例食管癌放疗患者随机分为2组,每组各23例。对照组采用常规护理干预,干预组在对照组护理基础上加中医护理干预,对比2组的消化道反应和进食梗阻改善情况。结果：干预组的消化道放疗反应减轻率与进食梗阻缓解率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;护理总满意率干预组为95.65%,高于对照组的69.57%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中西医结合护理干预食管癌放疗反应有较好效果。     

中国第四次热释光和电子自旋共振测量年代及剂量学学术讨论会在无锡召开

来自国家教委，中国科学院，地质矿产部，国家地震局，文博系统的四十名代表与香港大学，台湾大学的代表于1994年10月6-12日在无锡欢聚一堂，共同交流了大陆，香港和台湾三地热释光和电子自旋共振方面30项最新的研究成果。