曲线坐标系下线状要素名称注记定位模型的研究

提出了在数字空间描述线状要素的一种曲线坐标系,给定了在该坐标系下确定线状要素名称注记定位点的模型体系,并结合注记配置规则,对线状要素名称注记字隙的确定进行了建模,最后提出了曲线坐标系下线状要素名称注记优化配置的宏观逻辑。此方法、模型体系正确可行,实施简单。     

基于语义规则和词向量的台风灾害网络情感分析方法

灾害期间的舆情引导有助于维护社会稳定。社交媒体是舆论传播的重要渠道,通过微博评论了解用户的网络情感及关注的话题,可以帮助相关舆情监测部门掌握公众的关注热点,从而选择适当的干预节点来应对网络舆情,并对公众情绪进行疏导,这对于应急管理具有现实意义。现有的研究大多是利用有监督的机器学习方法进行情感分类,这需要人工进行语料的标注,工作量大。本文根据微博评论文本的特点,综合考虑情感词以及表情符号等多重情感源,构建了台风灾害领域情感词典。在此基础上,提出了一种基于情感词语义规则的情感倾向计算方法,以及基于词向量的话题聚类方法。首先,采集了近年5次台风灾害期间共计40多万条微博评论文本,基于大连理工情感词汇本体库进行扩展构建了台风灾害领域情感词典,结合PMI法构建表情符号词典,根据语义规则确定情感倾向,并使用3500条评论文本验证了该方法的有效性。然后,本文基于词向量、TF-IDF与K-means的聚类方法探索灾害期间热点话题。最后,以2020年4号台风“黑格比”为例,基于台风期间的5万余条微博评论文本进行了舆情情感分析,并识别出6类与台风相关的话题。通过时空分析发现,随着时间的推移,微博评论文本的数量发生一定变化,评论数量多的地区大都集中在沿海地区和经济水平高的地区,台风登陆当天浙江省的恐惧情感达到最高。结果表明,基于语义规则和词向量的台风灾害网络情感分析方法,能在类似灾害事件发生时为政府部门掌握和引导网络舆情提供辅助。     

An improved Bag-of-Words framework for remote sensing image retrieval in large-scale image databases

Due to advances in satellite and sensor technology, the number and size of Remote Sensing (RS) images continue to grow at a rapid pace. The continuous stream of sensor data from satellites poses major challenges for the retrieval of relevant information from those satellite datastreams. The Bag-of-Words (BoW) framework is a leading image search approach and has been successfully applied in a broad range of computer vision problems and hence has received much attention from the RS community. However, the recognition performance of a typical BoW framework becomes very poor when the framework is applied to application scenarios where the appearance and texture of images are very similar. In this paper, we propose a simple method to improve recognition performance of a typical BoW framework by representing images with local features extracted from base images. In addition, we propose a similarity measure for RS images by counting the number of same words assigned to images. We compare the performance of these methods with a typical BoW framework. Our experiments show that the proposed method has better recognition performance than that of the BoW and requires less storage space for saving local invariant features.     

基于引力势力范围的郑州城市多中心空间形态识别

识别和分析城市多中心结构的空间形态,对优化城市空间结构具有重要意义。对引力模型的多中心综合实力参数和距离参数测定方法进行优化,首先将能够反映居民对空间结构感知体验的空间句法可达性,与人口经济和社会活动空间分布结合构建评价体系,定量计算多中心综合实力;然后将能够表达居民出行轨迹空间特征和偏好规律的词向量相关性,作为距离参数引入引力模型;最后计算引力强度并划分势力范围,对多中心发展目标的现实演化状态进行分析和评价。通过对比实验发现：优化引力模型与传统引力模型分析的势力范围存在一定差异,经空间统计和实地调查验证,优化模型对多源数据的运用更充分,考虑的因素更全面,其空间形态分析结果较为准确;从识别与规划多中心势力范围差异看,二者在郑州市核心城区的势力范围较为相似,均为早期规划或自然演化形成的已建成多中心,而部分外围多中心的识别与规划位置不同,空间形态差异明显,为未建成多中心,还远未形成其应有的分散疏解作用。     

Application of Manifold Method (MM) to the stability problems for cut slopes along the national roads

Recently one of the most challenging problems for civil engineers is how to construct new structures/infrastructures adjacent pre-existing ones and how to evaluate the effect of the new construction on the pre-existing structures (so-called neighbouring construction). The Manifold Method (MM) is one of the discontinuum based numerical approaches to simulate the mechanical behaviour of fractured rock masses including large deformation/displacement along fractures as well as stress/strain conditions of the rock blocks/masses. In this study, the MM was used to investigate the stability of the cut slope in the highly fractured rock masses along one of the national roads in Japan, focusing on the effects of new construction on the pre-existing structures/infrastructures. The effect of reinforcement during the construction such as rock bolts, anchors, etc. was also investigated and evaluated quantitatively by numerical simulations using MM.     

Estimating the spatial pattern of human-caused forest fires using a generalized linear mixed model with spatial autocorrelation in South Korea

Most forest fires in Korea are spatially concentrated in certain areas and are highly related to human activities. These site-specific characteristics of forest fires are analyzed by spatial regression analysis using the R-module generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), which can consider spatial autocorrelation. We examined the quantitative effect of topology, human accessibility, and forest cover without and with spatial autocorrelation. Under the assumption that slope, elevation, aspect, population density, distance from road, and forest cover are related to forest fire occurrence, the explanatory variables of each of these factors were prepared using a Geographic Information System-based process. First, we tried to test the influence of fixed effects on the occurrence of forest fires using a generalized linear model (GLM) with Poisson distribution. In addition, the overdispersion of the response data was also detected, and variogram analysis was performed using the standardized residuals of GLM. Second, GLMM was applied to consider the obvious residual autocorrelation structure. The fitted models were validated and compared using the multiple correlation and root mean square error (RMSE). Results showed that slope, elevation, aspect index, population density, and distance from road were significant factors capable of explaining the forest fire occurrence. Positive spatial autocorrelation was estimated up to a distance of 32 km. The kriging predictions based on GLMM were smoother than those of the GLM. Finally, a forest fire occurrence map was prepared using the results from both models. The fire risk decreases with increasing distance to areas with high population densities, and increasing elevation showed a suppressing effect on fire occurrence. Both variables are in accordance with the significance tests.     

基于对象关系型数据库的多级地名地址服务研究

地名地址服务是网络地图服务的基础服务,其搜索效率和准确性对于用户体验来说至关重要。传统的地名地址服务通常基于全文索引实现,对于检索结果的排序主要根据与用户检索关键词的关联性来考虑。然而在实际应用中,常常需要对检索结果进行分级分类排序。基于Postgre SQL建立索引实现地名地址快速检索,探讨了地名地址全文检索技术与优化方案,通过修改分词字典和使用分级分类信息来优化检索结果,设计并实现了地名地址检索服务架构,进行了性能测试,证明其在大数据环境下可以提供给用户更好的检索体验。     

“韧性”的词义解析及其应用

英文“Resilience”和汉语“韧性”这两个词汇被广泛应用在不同的学科领域。在中国的生态学和工程学领域“Resilience”一词常被翻译成“恢复力、弹性、韧性和韧弹性”等,正确的理解和解析英文“Resilience”和汉语“韧性”十分必要。本文主要依据现有英文和汉语辞典、辞书以及相关的中外科技文献,对英文“Resilience”和汉语“韧性”这两个词汇的含义进行全面的词义辨析和清理,认为英文“Resilience”翻译成汉语“韧性”比较合适,符合汉语的词义和语言环境,韧性在一定程度上涵盖了恢复、弹回和弹性的含义;在此基础上,总结和厘定了韧性的起源、定义和内涵;比较全面的梳理和评述了“Resilience”和“韧性”这两个词在不同学科领域的发展和演化。这一研究工作对正确的使用英文“Resilience”和汉语“韧性”有重要意义,对从事韧性城市研究、城市规划、城市抗震韧性研究和建筑抗震韧性研究的科技人员有一定的参考价值。     

Relationship between C:N ratios of lake sediments, organic matter sources, and historical deforestation in Lake Pleasant, Massachusetts, USA

The C:N ratios of lake sediments may reflect proportions of terrestrial and algal carbon contributing to accumulation of sediment. This possibility was tested in Lake Pleasant, Massachussetts, USA which underwent watershed deforestation in about 1780 A.D. The C:N profile of a 70-cm sediment core clearly reflected deforestation through a rise in C:N ratio caused by an increase in watershed contributions to sedimentary carbon. Spatial variability of C:N in modern surficial sediments is small compared to the change caused by deforestation.     

由引文和关键词看我国近5年遥感研究进展

针对尚未有用综合应用文献分析方法对我国遥感技术学科发展与评价的报道的现状,为了从定量的角度了解我国遥感研究的现状和发展趋势,该文综合利用文献计量方法,提出将高被引频次论文学术特征及高频次关键词共同分析的方法,选取我国测绘遥感相关领域16种专业学术期刊,通过分析2010年至2014年这些期刊的引文和关键词,揭示近5年来我国遥感研究在期刊分布、作者及机构方面的特点,以及在数据获取、数据处理与分析、数据应用等方面的研究热点、热点变化及未来发展方向。