峨眉山玄武岩分布区内铂族元素异常分析及其找矿远景预测

区域地球化学填图成果表明，在中国西南川-滇-黔交界地区存在一个与产出规模巨大的峨眉山玄武岩分布范围相吻合的Pt，Pd地球化学巨省。作为地幔热柱成因的峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素丰度虽略有偏高，但玄武岩中铂族元素很难形成可以利用的铂族矿物，故该异常是“非找矿异常”。在该区内寻找铂族元素矿床应在基性岩-超基性岩体出露较多的中岩区南段，注意沿循已知的矿床、矿化或较小型基性岩侵入体，将矿区(或岩体)的整体地质特征、地球化学特征等与典型的岩浆型铂族元素矿床相比较，进而研究、预测本矿区或本岩体的铂族元素成矿的可能性及远景规模等，寻找岩浆型铂族元素矿床，而在岩浆型矿床的周边地质体内注意寻找热液型铂族元素矿床。     

南极GPS数据质量分析

以多路径误差和电离层延迟为评价指标,利用TEQC软件和QCVIEW软件对南极埃默里冰架、内陆冰盖、纳拉峡海湾、拉斯曼丘陵的实测GPS数据以及部分IGS站点的数据进行了数据质量分析,得到结论： 1)在同一站点上,L2上的多路径误差总比L1上的多路径误差要大;2)在南极不同环境下的多路径误差不同;3)纬度和太阳活动剧烈程度是影响南极地区GPS数据电离层延迟大小的两个重要因素。     

“95.8”川西大暴雨成因分析

通过对“９５．８”大暴雨过程的全面技术总结，揭示了多种尺度系统间相互作用对产生大暴雨过程的贡献，并指出了云团的发生及其发展源于北方冷空气和南方低空急流持续影响所形成的两个中间尺度垂直环流。     

山东省蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿地质特征

蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿容矿构造为NW向断裂,具NW向成串分布的特点。NW向压扭性断裂与其派生的断裂裂隙系统是该区金矿床赋存空间的重要构造标志,构造破碎带中的钾化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化等蚀变是一种直接找矿标志。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属岩浆低中温热液充填交代蚀变岩型金矿床。     

Effect of Shale Reservoir Characteristics on Shale Oil Movability in the Lower Third Member of the Shahejie Formation,Zhanhua Sag

To reveal the effect of shale reservoir characteristics on the movability of shale oil and its action mechanism in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation(Es3l), samples with different features were selected and analyzed using N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), high-speed centrifugation, and displacement image techniques. The results show that shale pore structure characteristics control shale oil movability directly. Movable oil saturation has a positive relationship with pore volume for radius > 2 μm, as larger pores often have higher movable oil saturation, indicating that movable oil is present in relatively larger pores. The main reasons for this are as follows. The relatively smaller pores often have oil-wetting properties because of organic matter, which has an unfavorable effect on the flow of oil, while the relatively larger pores are often wetted by water, which is helpful to shale oil movability. The rich surface provided by the relatively smaller pores is beneficial to the adsorption of immovable oil. Meanwhile, the relatively larger pores create significant pore volume for movable oil. Moreover, the larger pores often have good pore connectivity. Pores and fractures are interconnected to form a complex fracture network, which provides a good permeability channel for shale oil flow. The smaller pores are mostly distributed separately;thus, they are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The mineral composition and fabric macroscopically affect the movability of shale oil. Calcite plays an active role in shale oil movability by increasing the brittleness of shale and is more likely to form micro-cracks under the same stress background. Clay does not utilize shale oil flow because of its large specific surface area and its block effect. The bedding structure increases the large-scale storage space and improves the connectivity of pores at different scales, which is conducive to the movability of shale oil.     

粗差验后方差的无偏估计与最优稳健估计

在正态粗差假设下导出了粗差验后方差的无偏估计,对误差工膨胀模型和误差均值移动模型,两者的无偏估计公式是相同的。这证明了李德仁验后方差的朱建军方差不是无偏的。由于偏方定义的彭方法是正态粗差假设下的最优稳健估计。     

山东沂水杂岩中变基性岩的岩石地球化学特征及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

山东沂水杂岩由新太古代岩浆杂岩和中太古代的变质杂岩组成,其后者中的变基性岩石,特别是基性麻粒岩,常与紫苏花岗岩紧密伴生,而且多呈大小不等的包体或呈层状体产出。本文主要对变基性岩进行岩石地球化学和锆石SHRIMP UPb定年研究。根据岩石学特征,可将变基性岩分为三类：含紫苏辉石斜长角闪岩、含石榴子石角闪二辉斜长麻粒岩和含尖晶石—石榴子石的角闪二辉麻粒岩。它们原岩分别为安山质玄武岩、高铁镁质玄武岩和玄武质科马提岩（？）。三类岩石稀土元素和微量元素配分有一定差别：第一类含紫苏辉石斜长角闪岩富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;后二类麻粒岩相变质岩的稀土配分模式为近平坦型或轻稀土略为富集, K、Rb、Ba等元素也轻微富集,其他元素与MORB的比值接近于1。变基性岩中锆石定年结果显示有四组年龄值,其中2719Ma和2560～2607Ma分别代表早期麻粒岩相变质作用的年龄下限和上限;2509～2522Ma代表另一期角闪岩相—麻粒岩相变质作用的时代,发生在沂水岩浆杂岩侵入之后;2485Ma和2497Ma代表与流体作用有关的变质作用和新生锆石的形成年龄。     

辽南庄河地区栗子房变质核杂岩的发现及意义

在区域地质调查资料基础上,根据宏观与微观构造测量,通过分析区域岩浆活动性及其测年资料等,揭示了在辽南庄河栗子房地区存在另一个变质核杂岩构造,即栗子房变质核杂岩。该核杂岩具有3层结构和5个部分,即由新太古代变质深成岩及中生代花岗岩侵入体构成的下盘、由不同层次的构造岩组成的中部拆离断层带以及由前寒武纪沉积盖层和白垩纪伸展盆地构成的上盘。栗子房变质核杂岩形成于早白垩世,运动方向为上盘相对下盘由NWW向SEE方向运动,与辽南金州变质核杂岩和万福变质核杂岩在几何学、运动学极性和形成时间等方面具有很多相似性,形成于同一动力学背景。该变质核杂岩的厘定可为阐明华北克拉通东部晚中生代岩石圈减薄过程及岩石圈的力学和流变学属性提供依据。同时,变质核杂岩与金矿床成矿关系密切,栗子房变质核杂岩的拆离断层带附近可作为下一步金矿勘查的重点工作区,成矿潜力较大。     

近50年气候变化对滦河上游径流的影响

为了解近50年滦河上游气温和降水气候的变化特征、趋势及其对该流域径流量的影响,利用1956-2009年滦河上游的实测气温、降水量和径流深资料,分析了该流域气温、降水和径流深的年均和季度变化的时间序列,并建立了该流域气候变化对径流影响的复相关回归模型。结果表明,年径流深随着年降水量的减少而减少,随着年平均气温的升高而减少;春、夏和秋季的径流深随着同期降水量和气温的变化趋势与年际变化趋势基本一致,但冬季径流深则相反,而且其变化幅度非常小。     

Granule ripples in the Kumtagh Desert,China: Morphology,grain size and influencing factors

Granule ripples are found mainly in four regions of the Kumtagh Desert in China; they are characterized by an asymmetrical shape, with gentle lower slopes on both sides and abrupt crests. The ripples tend to be oriented perpendicular to the prevailing winds, except when they form near obstacles such as yardangs. The wavelengths (λ) range between 0·31 m and 26 m and heights (h) range from 0·015 m to 1 m. The relationship between wavelength and height can be described by a simple linear function, and the mean ripple index (λ/h) is about 20·4 for the study sites. The sediments are poorly sorted, with negative to very negative skewness at lee and stoss slopes and between‐ripple troughs, which confirms the ‘poured in’ and ‘shadow’ appearance described by previous researchers. The bimodal or trimodal distributions of grains (with modes of ?1·16φ, ?0·5φ and 3·16φ) and the enrichment of coarse particles at the ripple surface (with coarse granule contents ranging between 5·2% and 62·1%) indicate that the underlying layer is the original sediment source and that the granule ripples resist erosional processes. Although the impact of saltating particles and, consequently, the creep and reptation of coarse grains are responsible for granule ripple initiation at a micro‐scale, however, the characteristics of local sediments, wind regimes and topographical obstacles, as well as the feedbacks among bedform and airflow, more strongly affect the development and alignment of granule ripples at a macro‐scale.