豫南稻区小麦产量及其构成因素的气候生态评价

从农业气候生态角度分析了影响豫南稻区小麦产量及其构成因素的气候因子，结果表明，对豫南稻区小麦生产影响最大的气候因子是涝灾。由于降水冬前比冬后变化大，常出现生育前期旱涝和中后期湿害。因此，建议在选用小麦品种时，一要注重早熟性，二要注意产量三要素协调、丰产性好，三要有配套的耕作栽培技术。     

冬小麦分蘖死亡率与产量结构关系研究

冬小麦无效分蘖对产量的影响,是因为它减小了最佳有效群体。利用新乡市1983-2005年观测资料分析了在不同年际农业及气候条件下各产量结构和分蘖死亡率之间的相关关系,结果表明:基本苗、单株成穗数、最高密度、单位面积成穗率和分蘖死亡率之间相关显著;单位面积籽粒重、单位面积茎秆重、不孕小穗率、单穗粒数与分蘖死亡率之间相关系数相对偏小。     

海河低平原春季气候变化对冬小麦产量的影响

根据海河低平原气候与小麦产量资料,对气候环境及其对冬小麦产量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,近56 a海河低平原春季气温线性升高倾向显著,平均每10 a升高0.38℃;春季降水不存在明显的线性增大或减少趋势,2000年以来的气候环境不利于冬小麦生产。冬小麦气候单产与春季气温、降水有很好的对应关系,当气温距平为0.2～1.2℃时,小麦气候产量为正值;温度过低或过高都会使小麦减产,高温使小麦减产更严重;近年来气温持续偏高,小麦气候单产持续偏低。冬小麦产量对春季降水的需求有一个极限值,降水异常偏多和异常偏少都会使小麦减产。研究认为,通过改进种植模式、改善农田小气候,开展人工影响天气增加地面有效降水,可以增加小麦气候单产。     

夏季索马里急流的建立及其影响机制

定义了夏季索马里急流（SSMJ）的建立指数，从而确定了1948--2002年的SSMJ建立日期，并以此为基础研究了SSMJ建立过程以及前冬海陆热力异常和冬季风异常对其建立早晚的影响。结果表明：SSMJ的建立是亚洲季风爆发的最早信号；其建立过程受到马斯克林高压、中非低压以及阿拉伯高压等非洲-印度洋系统的影响，而印度低压的发展有利于SSMJ越过赤道后向东转向；夏季索马里急流建立时间的年际变化反映了北半球冬季海陆热力差异的年际异常；强（弱）东亚冬季风时，次年春季SSMJ建立偏迟（早）。     

抚顺冬季异常偏冷年气候特征及成因分析

利用抚顺气象观测站气象资料，分析了抚顺冬季异常偏冷年的气候特征，发现异常偏冷年都有最低气温低于-30℃的冷段，并且气候变暖后，降雪多、积雪深是其主要特征。同时通过分析深层平均地温、太阳黑子活动、大气环流等资料，发现抚顺冬季气温异常偏低一般都出现在太阳黑子峰谷年附近，并与前期3-11月0．8m深层平均地温呈正相关，北半球500hPa冬季欧亚地区距平场为西高东低，东亚槽稳定建立，并且大气环流以大西洋-欧亚E型环流型为主。     

异常东亚冬季风对赤道西太平洋纬向风异常的影响

ENSO由于经常带来大范围的气候异常而倍受关注,赤道西太平洋的纬向风异常对ENSO的发生起着重要作用.首先对赤道西太平洋纬向风异常的发生进行研究,其结果清楚地表明它同东亚冬季风的异常有密切关系.异常强(弱)的东亚冬季风不仅能激发产生赤道西太平洋的西(东)风异常,而且还将在菲律宾以东的西太平洋上导致一个气旋性(反气旋性)环流的形成.研究还表明,上述异常流型产生的物理过程是异常东亚冬季风所造成的气压形势的动力影响,因为在强(弱)东亚冬季风影响下,赤道西太平洋地区会形成向西(东)的气压梯度,即( )p/( )x＜0(( )p/( )x＞0)的异常气压形势.通过赤道太平洋的海-气相互作用,赤道西太平洋的持续西(东)风异常则将进一步导致El Nino(La Ni(n)a)事件的发生.     

INTENSITY INDEX OF SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON AND ITS VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS

The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for the months ahead of the target time.     

冬小麦生长要素特征分析

冬小麦生长虽然处在不同的气候背景下,但表示小麦生长变化的生物学要素基本上保持较为稳定的曲线特征。相对生长率呈先升后降分布型,拔节期以前相对生长率较小,拔节期到孕穗期间达到最大,之后又逐渐减小。片同化率从整个变化情况来看,基本上表现出了拔节到抽穗开花后逐渐升高,开花后逐渐减小的特点。叶面积比率的生物学特征最为明显,冬小麦返青到拔节期间的叶面积比率最大,拔节之后,叶面积比率逐渐下降,在冬小麦乳熟期前后达到最小。冬小麦的灌浆速度变化率则呈较为明显的正态分布,营养物质转移理论“源-流-库”对营养物质的转移给予了充分的科学解释。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne .