INTENSITY INDEX OF SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON AND ITS VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS

The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for the months ahead of the target time.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDOOR FEATURES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FOR ROOMS FACING NORTH-SOUTH IN WINTER IN A LOW-LATITUDE PLATEAU CITY

Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of rooms facing north-south under different weather conditions. Significant warming effect has been identified in terms of lowest and daily-mean indoor temperature in the area of Kunming. The heating amplitude ranges from 7.7°C to 10.0°C and from 4.6°C to 5.8°C for the interior part of rooms facing the south and from 4.6°C to 7.0°C and from 1.3°C to 4.4°C for the interior part of rooms facing the north, respectively for the two elements. The highest air temperature is higher indoor than outdoor for rooms facing the south, but otherwise is usually true for rooms facing the north. Additional findings point out that buildings not only help maintain relatively warm indoor temperature but delay its variation. The diurnal cycle of temperature indoor is smaller and ranges by 40% ~ 48% for south-facing rooms, and by 20% ~ 30% for north-facing rooms, than outdoor, and the highest temperature is about 2 hours late inside the room than outside. It shows how inertly indoor temperature varies. The work also finds that relative humidity is less indoor in southward rooms than in northward ones and difference is the largest on fine days but the smallest when it is overcast. For the diurnal variation, the indoor relative humidity is large at nighttime with small amplitude but small during daytime with large amplitude. The above-presented results can be served as scientific foundation for more research on climate in low-latitude cities and rational design of urban architectures.     

抗旱肥料与华北地区农作物生态环境关系的讨论

由于干旱使华北地区作物生态环境失去了平衡,粮食产量也不稳定,实践证明,使用含有镧系元素的抗旱肥料,达到了抗御冬旱、保苗、增产的效果。在华北地区及黄河中下游半干旱-半湿润地区使用抗旱肥料,具有广阔的前景。     

东经90°海岭的远洋沉积记录与晚新生代重大构造-环境事件

东经 90°海岭的北部远洋型沉积记录是青藏高原隆升的远程监视器。文章应用有孔虫组合分析和壳体微量元素分析 ,结合相关的沉积学、地球化学、古地磁学和微体古生物学工作 ,对以ODP75 8钻孔为代表的 9Ma以来的沉积记录综合研讨 ,识别出对应于高原阶段隆升 (3 7～ 3 2Ma、0 .8～ 0 .6Ma、0 .17～ 0 .16Ma)的重大环境变化信号。文章还提出印度冬季季风强度是反映高原构造活动关键标志的观点。按照这种观点 ,海岭远洋记录提供的晚新生代最大环境转折时段位于 3.7～ 3.2Ma间。     

2001-2002年广西冬作季气候及对农业生产的影响

阐述 2 0 0 1- 2 0 0 2年广西冬作季 (2 0 0 1年 11月 - 2 0 0 2年 3月 )的气候状况 ,并就其对农业生产的影响作出分析、评价。     

广西冬季严重冻害的环流特征

利用广西1960～2000年冬季冻害站次资料,根据规定的指标,划分出广西冬季严重冻害年有12年,将12个严重冻害年的500hPa高度场进行合成,分析了广西冬季严重冻害当年和前一年的500hPa高度合成距平场特征以及前期主要影响月的500hPa高度合成距平场的主要特点,为广西冬季严重冻害的预测提供判别依据。     

用气象卫星遥感资料对冬小麦苗情定量分类研究

在对1989－1999年的气象卫星遥感资料和同期24个站点的小麦苗情地面观测资料相关分析的基础上，建立了山东省冬小麦苗情定量分类监测模式。在建立模式时，为了消除由于地理位置引起的发育期差异，全省划分为5个生态区。该模式经2000年实际应用，效果良好。     

利用CINRAD WSR-98D观测冬季暴雨的个例分析

利用江西省新安装的CINRAD WSR－98D多普勒天气雷达，对发生在2001年11月2日在江南冬季大暴雨的多普勒天气雷达观测结果，结合暴雨前一天（11月1日）的500hPa,850hPa天气图，卫星云图等资料，对产生这场冬季暴雨的天气条件，部分速度场和强度场等进行了初步分析。结果表明，根据零速度线走向可以判断和分析暴雨降水过程的冷、暖平流结构和其间的冷锋位置，也可以根据风场的速度值大小，判断暴雨区的进、退、为暴雨预测提供有用的依据。     

小麦冠层理化参量的高光谱遥感反演试验研究

以国产成像光谱仪所获高光谱遥感数据为基础，根据田间同步采样数据建立的基于反射光谱特征的小麦冠层生物物理和生物化学估计模型，实现了用航空高光谱遥感数据对田间小麦冠层理化参量的整体反演。结果表明：用高光谱遥感方法估计小麦冠层理化参量是可行的；以理化参数为“波段”的数字图像及其处理，为农学家以理化参量的空间分布及其差异解释作物产量空间分布差异和研究作物生态生理机理提供了新的手段。     

气象因子对2002年小麦生产的利弊浅析

2002年小麦生育期间，气候反常，出现了多年罕见的暖冬暖春现象，致使小麦生育期提前；生育中期降水偏少，旱象严重，株高降低，分薛成穗率小；穗分化中后期遭受2次晚霜冻害，小穗数数明显减少，灌浆初期阴雨连绵，光照不足，小穗成粒小，灌浆后期光照充足，日较差大，干热风出现迟，强度弱，对粒重增加十分有利。