黄海晚冬一次持续性海雾天气的动力热力特征

利用常规资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、高分辨率可见光卫星云图资料,描述了2011年2月22-24日持续性海雾的发生范围、演变过程,分析了海雾发生前、发生时大气背景和物理量场;并利用环黄海北部的探空站、气象自动站资料对海雾发生时低层大气的温度、风、逆温特征进行了分析.结果表明:环黄海北部4个气象站中,各站出现海雾的特征不尽相同,既有以平流雾为主的、也有辐射雾为主的、还有平流雾和辐射雾共存的.对流层低层暖平流有助于保持逆温层、维持大气层结稳定;对流层低层偏南气流形成的水汽输送带和中层偏西气流水汽输送带的共同作用为大雾的形成和维持提供了水汽条件;夜晚低层辐合、高层辐散的动力分布有助于逆温层内弱的上升气流维持,对水汽凝结有利;白天低层辐散、高层辐合的动力分布有助于气流下沉,对稳定度和逆温的维持有利;负(冷)温度平流南下是大雾消散的动力热力因子.     

内蒙古冬季主要极端气候事件的环流影响因素分析

过去的几十年中,内蒙古冬季(11月至次年2月)出现极端气候事件的年份并不多。对于极端低温事件的发生,在中西部地区极少出现,多数发生在锡林郭勒盟中部及以东地区。特别是自1986年气候转暖以来,在暖的大背景下,更是较少出现极端低温事件;极端降水事件在冬季各月中也有发生,每个月有其各自的特点。文章着重研究分析11月的极端降水事件。通过对海温、大气环流的异常进行分析和研究,找出影响内蒙古冬季极端降水、极端低温的关键性因子,对今后的极端气候事件预测工作有所帮助和借鉴。     

青蟹池塘生态育苗试验

2011年和2012年期间,在浙江省宁波象山港区域,利用两口池塘开展拟穴青蟹(Scyllapar amamosain)池塘生态育苗试验,自然条件下累计培育出青蟹苗(稚蟹Ⅰ至Ⅱ期)34.1×104只,幼体成活率最高为3.19%,单位水体育苗产量最高383.0只/m2,从蚤状幼体孵出至蟹苗销售的时间需要33~34 d,幼体生长呈曲线方程:y=0.14e0.497x。育苗池塘水质理化因子相对稳定,鉴定出浮游植物20种,大型浮游动物种类11种,原生动物12种,浮游植物群落以硅藻、小球藻和扁藻为优势,藻类细胞密度(1760.2×104±5119.4×104)个/L,浮游动物群落以桡足类和轮虫生物量最大,大型浮游动物密度(646.28±899.17)个/L,池塘饵料生物丰富,幼体可以获得更全面和优质的饵料营养。盐度过低和固着类纤毛虫、尖额真猛水蚤的危害,是影响青蟹幼体成活率的主要原因。     

青岛冬暖的气象水文学解读及成因分析

根据收集到的气象、水文资料,通过比较分析进行了青岛冬暖的气象水文学解读,研究表明,青岛冬季比周围的内陆城市温暖,也比周围的沿海城市温暖,其温暖区在沿海南界的范围为日照（石臼所）附近;青岛冬暖表现为在降温后回温更快且升温更高,在周平均尺度上就可以体现出冬暖的特征。青岛冬暖的形成原因是其特定的地理位置和相应的气象水文因子综合而成的,青岛受海水的包绕比较充分,冬季盛行的NW—N向风在造成青岛寒冷的同时也造成青岛周边城市的寒冷,对青岛冬暖有反向衬托作用,也间接导致黄海暖流向青岛近海的补偿性抵近,从而成为青岛冬暖最重要的水动力因子。     

Assemblage characteristics of clay minerals and its implications to evolution of eolian dust input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma

To understand the provenance and evolution of eolian input in the last 1.95 Ma in the Parece Vela Basin in the eastern Philippine Sea, the clay mineral assemblage of a gravity core PV090510 from the basin was investigated using paleogeomagnetic dating and X-ray diffraction. The assemblage of the core mainly consisted of smectite （-46%） and illite （-40%）, with some chlorite （-10%） and kaolinite （-4%）. Analysis of the provenance of these minerals suggested that smectite was mainly derived from volcanic rocks of the Mariana Arc, while illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were mainly transported as eolian dust by the East Asian monsoon from central Asia. We used the ratio of （illite＋chlorite＋kaolinite）/smectite as a proxy for Asian eolian input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma. This ratio followed glacial and interglacial cycles and was consistent with the intensity of the East Asian monsoon and aridity of central Asia since 1.95 Ma. The changes of the ratio reflected three different stages of the East Asian monsoon and provenance climate.     

欧亚北部2004年以来频繁冷冬的特征分析及机理初探

利用1961—2013年NCEP/NCAR发布的月平均全球再分析资料,分析了欧亚北部(40°65°N,50°-120°E)2004年以来频繁冷冬的异常特征及形成机理。结果表明:欧亚北部2004年以来冷冬频繁发生,但温度异常的空间分布,尤其中心冷区的位置有显著差异,主要表现为全区偏冷型(2005、2009、2010、2012年)和南部偏冷型(2004、2007、2011年)。全区偏冷年主要由北极涛动(AO)显著负位相所致,对应海表温度特征为北大西洋高、中、低纬度成东北-西南走向的"+、-、+"带状分布,该分布有利于北极涛动/北大西洋涛动(AO/NAO)负位相维持和增强;南部偏冷年大气内部活动异常为乌拉尔-贝加尔湖阻塞高压偏强,北极涛动/北大西洋涛动以弱正位相为主,对应主要海表温度特征为北大西洋中部偏高,其次则为太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)负位相下"类拉尼娜事件",上述海表温度异常均可促进类似欧亚遥相关的罗斯贝波列形成,有利于乌拉尔贝加尔湖阻塞高压偏强、亚洲中部多低槽活动。2004年以来欧亚北部两种类型冷冬的大气环流与海表温度均表现出与历史典型年相类似的特征。     

东北地区冬季气温对海温异常响应的研究

利用HadISST OI海温和中国东北地区92站逐日气温资料,使用广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA)结合EOF分析方法(GEFA-EOF)研究了近50a中国东北地区冬季气温对海表温度异常(SSTA)的响应.结果表明:对于热带和北半球中纬度5个海盆来说,东北地区冬季气温异常与同期热带大西洋和北大西洋海温异常有密切关系,与其他海盆关系不显著;热带大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(TA3)以及北大西洋纬向上"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)分别对东北地区冬季气温的异常偏低和偏高有显著的强迫作用,且对北部地区的强迫作用大于南部地区.热带大西洋和北大西洋对东北地区冬季气温异常影响的可能途径为:热带大西洋TA3模态通过在北半球激发的"正—负—正"的遥相关波列,致使东亚大槽移至贝加尔湖地区,有利于极地冷空气南下至东北地区,导致该地区的冷冬;北大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)直接响应使得东亚大槽减弱消失,极地冷空气南下受阻,导致该地区冬季气温异常偏高.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Impact of climatic change on sea surface temperature variation in Subei coastal waters,East China

Sea surface temperature （SST） variation in the Subei coastal waters, East China, which is important for the ecological environment of the Yellow Sea where Enteromorphaprolifera blooms frequently, is affected by the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）, El Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. In this study, correlations between climatic events and SST anomalies （SSTA） around the Subei （North Jiangsu Province, East China） Coast from 1981-2012 are analyzed, using empirical orthogonal function （EOF） and correlation analyses. First, a key region was determined by EOF analysis to represent the Subei coastal waters. Then, coherency analyses were performed on this key region. According to the correlation analysis, the EAWM index has a positive correlation with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region. Furthermore, the Nifio3.4 index is negatively correlated with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region 1 year ahead, and the PDO has significant negative coherency with spring SSTA and negative coherency with summer SSTA in the key region 1 year ahead. Overall, PDO exhibits the most significant impact on SSTA of the key region. In the key region, all these factors are correlated more significantly with SSTA in spring than in summer. This suggests that outbreaks ofEnteromorpha prolifera in the Yellow Sea are affected by global climatic changes, especially the PDO.     

Boreal winter rainfall anomaly over the tropical indo-pacific and its effect on northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation in CMIP5 models

Experimental outputs of 11 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （AMIP） models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5） are analyzed to assess the atmospheric circulation anomaly over Northern Hemisphere induced by the anomalous rainfall over tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean during boreal winter.The analysis shows that the main features of the interannual variation of tropical rainfall anomalies,especially over the Central Pacific （CP） （5°S-5°N,175°E-135°W） and Indo-western Pacific （IWP） （20°S-20°N,110°-150°E） are well captured in all the CMIP5/AMIP models.For the IWP and western Indian Ocean （WIO） （10°S-10°N,45°-75°E）,the anomalous rainfall is weaker in the 11 CMIP5/AMIP models than in the observation.During El Ni（n）o/La Ni（n）a mature phases in boreal winter,consistent with observations,there are geopotential height anomalies known as the Pacific North American （PNA） pattern and Indo-western Pacific and East Asia （IWPEA） pattern in the upper troposphere,and the northwestern Pacific anticyclone （cyclone） （NWPA） in the lower troposphere in the models.Comparison between the models and observations shows that the ability to simulate the PNA and NWPA pattern depends on the ability to simulate the anomalous rainfall over the CP,while the ability to simulate the IWPEA pattern is related to the ability to simulate the rainfall anomaly in the IWP and WIO,as the SST anomaly is same in AMIP experiments.It is found that the tropical rainfall anomaly is important in modeling the impact of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean on the extratropical atmospheric circulation anomaly.