2010年冬末春初“回南天”环流背景场特征分析——以惠州市为例

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和MICAPS实况数据,对广东惠州市2010年冬末春初的2次较严重的、持续时间较长的“回南天”天气过程进行总结分析.结果显示:发生“回南天”的前期一般出现较长时间的低温阴雨天气,使得地面及墙面等物体表面温度较低,空气湿度较大; “回南天”期间,500 hPa北支系统偏北,冷空气难以南下,南支波动活跃,华南地区主要处于南支槽前,其前强盛的西南暖湿气流为“回南天”带来了充足的水汽条件,底层地面冷高压北收,西南低槽不断更替发展,华南地区主要处于地面低压槽前侧,且地面风速较小,对流层低层有较强的逆温层存在.     

全球气候变化背景下中国敏感区区域响应比较

近50年来全球气候变化研究已经是当今自然科学重大课题之一,中国的区域响应也日渐引人关注。依据黑龙江、新疆、西藏三省区93个国家基准或基本气象站1961—2008年间的日气温和降水数据,就中国气候变化敏感区气温和降水变化过程和特征进行对比分析。①气温变化方面,三省区均呈明显升温趋势,研究时段内黑龙江、新疆、西藏增温幅度分别为1.71℃,1.20℃,1.15℃,且都通过了α=0.01的统计检验;②不同季节增温幅度上,黑龙江省以冬春增幅最大,而新疆和西藏则均以秋冬两季增温最强;③降水量变化方面,黑龙江年降水量有所减少,新疆和西藏则有所增多,但趋势都不十分明朗;④黑龙江年降水量的减少主要体现在夏秋两季,特别是夏季;⑤无论年降水总量还是不同季节降水量的年际波动量值均以新疆和黑龙江明显、西藏相对平稳为特征。     

气候变化对甘肃省冬小麦气候适宜性的影响

运用甘肃省冬小麦种植区西峰、天水农业气象试验站及平凉、成县农业气象观测站1981～2008年冬小麦试验田平均物候观测资料及试验点气象站1971～2008年逐日日照、温度、降水量测量值,建立了冬小麦日照、温度、降水及综合气候适宜度计算模型,并对1971～2008年冬小麦各生产年度气候适宜度动态变化进行了评价.结果表明:冬...     

All Season Observations of Meromictic Regime at Lake Doroninskoye

正1 Introduction Soda Lake Doroninskoye(Uleoti District of Transbaikalian Region,Russia)belongs to a rare type of meromictic basins.For meromictic basins,the vertical stratification in the form of sufficiently thin water layers with significantly differing physical and chemical properties is typical,as well as peculiar biota.The main characteristics of the lake Doroninskoye are:     

自动化样本生成策略用于冬季作物制图——以兰陵县为例

准确地获取作物空间分布是作物生长监测和产量预测的前提。目前,遥感图像处理需要足够的人工采集的训练样本,因此,大规模作物分布的自动获取仍然是一个挑战。以高效、经济的方式获得足够的训练样本成为作物制图的关键因素之一。因此,本文结合冬季作物物候特征与Sentinel-2时间序列影像,提出了一种自动化样本生成策略用于冬季作物制图。首先,利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）时间序列曲线进行冬季作物的判别;然后,通过时间序列曲线相似性度量的方法,判断样本点与标准的绿色叶绿素植被指数（GCVI）时间序列曲线的差距,从而为未知样本赋予正确的标签;最后,利用获取的样本训练随机森林模型,实现研究区域的冬季作物提取。最终精度评定结果：总体精度（OA）为98.46%,Kappa为0.973,表明该方法对于快速实现冬季作物自动制图的有效性。     

越冬花椰菜气候适应性研究及灾害防御技术

2002~2004年试验研究结果表明,越冬花椰菜幼苗期适宜温度为15~25℃,最低温度5~7℃,最高温度25~30℃。莲座期适宜温度为4~20℃,最低-1~-3℃,最高21~22℃。花球形成期适宜温度一般为14~21℃,最低8~10℃,最高21~30℃。花椰菜生育期耗水量在767.2~933.5 mm之间,水分利用效率最高,超过950 mm或低于510 mm水分利用效率均显著降低。花椰菜生育期间低温冷害和高温伤害是造成减产和品质降低的主要气象灾害。     

低纬高原城市冬季南北朝向室内温湿特征的初步分析

通过对低纬城市－昆明冬季室内、外气温观测资料的分析，探讨了不同天气下南北朝室内的气温、湿度特征。得出昆明地区冬季各种天气状况下室内最低气温和日均气温的增温效应均十分显著，与庭院相比，南向室内的增温幅度为7．7－10．0℃和4．6－5．8℃；北向室内为4．6－7．0℃和1．3－4．4℃；最高气温南向室内高于室外，而北向室内一般低于室外。另外，建筑物不但可维持较高的室同温度，而且减缓了室内气温的变化幅度，不论南向室内还是北向室内，气温日较差均小于室外，变幅仅为室外的40％－48％（南向）和20％－30％（北向），且最高气温出现时间比室外约迟2小时，显示了建筑物内温度变化的惰性。研究还得出南向室内相对湿度均小于北向，南北差异以晴天最大，阴天最小。室内相对湿度的日变化特征为夜间湿度大，变化小，昼间湿度小，变化大。以上结果可为低纬城市气候的深入研究，建筑的合理设计提供科学基础。     

孟加拉湾冬季风及其与亚洲夏季气候的关系

利用东亚和孟湾近海1000hPa低层风场,定义了一个东亚和孟湾的冬季风指数,通过对比分析发现,孟湾冬季风指数温度场和风场具有显著的气候意义.同时可以看到孟湾和东亚冬季风都具有年际和年代际变化,但其变化特征有较大的不同,东亚冬季风有较明显的15～20年的年代际变化,而孟湾冬季风在最近50年则表现为一致增强的趋势.在此基础上,进一步利用相关分析和合成分析方法分析了孟湾冬季风活动的跨季节影响,研究发现,孟湾冬季风对春、夏季气候有较强的跨季节影响,孟湾冬季风指数与次年夏季中国的降水有较好的对应关系.     

Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O3 and CO2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part II: Simulation Results and Analyses

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the enrichment of tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentration at striking rates has caused effects on biosphere, especially on crops. It is generally accepted that the increase of CO2 concentration will have obverse effects on plant productivity while ozone is reported as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. The Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in Agroecosystems (DNDC) was adapted to evaluate simultaneously impacts of climate change on winter wheat. Growth development and yield formation of winter wheat under different O3 and CO2 concentration conditions are simulated with the improved DNDC model whose structure has been described in another paper. Through adjusting the DNDC model applicability, winter wheat growth and development in Gucheng Station were simulated well in 1993 and 1999, which is in favor of modifying the model further. The model was validated against experiment observation, including development stage data, leaf area index, each organ biomass, and total aboveground biomass. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the simulated results in development stage and biomass were sensitive to temperature change. The main conclusions of the paper are the following: 1) The growth and yield of winter wheat under CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv, 700 ppmv and the current ozone concentration are simulated respectively by the model. The results are well fitted with the observed data of OTCs experiments. The results show that increase of CO2 concentration may improve the growth of winter wheat and elevate the yield. 2) The growth and yield of winter wheat under O3 concentration of 50 ppbv, 100 ppbv, 200 ppbv and the based concentration CO2 are simulated respectively by the model. The simulated curves of stem, leaf, and spike organs growth as well as leaf area index are well accounted with the observed data. The results reveal that ozone has negative e ects on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Ozone accelerates the process of leaf senescence and causes yield loss. Under very high ozone concentration, crops are damaged dramatically and even dead. 3) At last, by the model possible effects of air temperature change and combined effects of O3 and CO2 are estimated respectively. The results show that doubled CO2 concentration may alleviate negative effect of O3 on biomass and yield of winter wheat when ozone concentration is about 70-80 ppbv. The obverse effects of CO2 are less than the adverse effects of O3 when the concentration of ozone is up to 100 ppbv. Future work should determine whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of related parameters, and whether the model can be adapted to predict ozone e ects on crops in farmland environment.     

Study on tissue culture forGelidium seedling

As seedling culture is a crucial factor for successful cultivation ofGelidium, the authors researched tissue culture technology for producing seedlings. The morphogeny and experimental ecology were observed and studied fully in 2–5 mm isolated tissue fragments. Regeneration, appearance of branching creepers and attaching structure and new erect seedlings production and development were studied. Fragments were sown on bamboo slice and vinylon rope. The seedlings were cultured 20–30 days indoor, then cultured in the sea, where the density of erect seedlings was 3–19 seedlings/cm², growth rate was 3.84% day. The frond arising from seedlings directly was up to 10 cm per year. The ecological conditions for regenerated seedlings are similar to the natural ones. The regenerated seedlings are suitable for raft culture in various sea areas.