风电场设计私有云GIS平台架构研究

云计算是目前信息产业最热门的技术之一,GIS厂商纷纷将GIS软件迁移至云计算环境。与国外云计算部署不同,国内更青睐私有云技术,企业、政府机构纷纷搭建私有云GIS平台。针对风电场设计的特点,本文基于目前云计算应用和研究,构建了私有云GIS平台的体系框架,并对平台所涉及的主要关键技术进行了深入探索,对私有云GIS模式下的资源进行了详细的分类,包括核心服务、服务管理、用户访问接口3个部分。其中,核心服务将硬件基础设施、软件运行环境、应用程序抽象成服务,可满足多样化的风电场设计应用需要。     

基于GNSS-RTK的在建超高层风载动态变形监测

首先以海星达H32全能型GNSS-RTK接收机为试验仪器,进行不同星系组合的RTK定位精度试验研究。然后以在建的天津高银117大厦为监测对象,采用GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合对其进行现场强风作用下的RTK动态变形监测。利用巴特沃斯滤波对实测数据进行去噪处理,得到各测点的位移曲线。分析结果表明:GPS单星系定位的平面坐标精度相对较差,双星系组合定位的平面坐标精度与三星系组合定位的平面坐标精度基本相当,但GPS+GLONASS+BDS三星系组合定位的稳定性和可靠性最强;由于施工阶段大厦结构的刚度和整体性与竣工后存在差异,故在强风作用下其按一定施工步距滞后的低矮外框的振动位移幅度大于其高耸内筒结构的振动位移幅度;大厦外框和内筒均存在横风向振动位移,且横风向振动位移与顺风向振动位移的大小相近;监测环境对监测结果有着一定的影响,66层各点的监测值误差要大于95层各点的监测值误差。     

海上风电多源勘测数据三维一体化管理系统设计及实现

多源异构的海上风电勘测数据是海上风电场建设和后期运行维护的重要基础数据。基于GIS技术对海上风电勘测数据一体化管理系统进行了设计,实现了风电场多波束、侧扫声纳、管线路由的三维可视化表达。该系统通过三维一体化风电场勘测数据管理,可以有效辅助风电设计工作和运行维护工作,也可为同类海洋勘测数据管理系统的设计与开发提供一些参考。     

基于2.5维面的气象数据可视化技术——以风场数据显示为例

根据2.5维面的设计思想及曲面可视化的方法,结合部分气象数据信息具有相同的经纬度范围和海拔高度的特点,构造了基于温度和可降水量的2.5维面,并重点提出在2.5维面上进行风场流线可视化的方法。实践证明,应用2.5维面分析气象数据在一定程度上平衡了运算量和可视化结果之间的矛盾,对地理环境气象数据的分析和比较有帮助作用。     

Wind erosion of blanket peat during a short period of surface desiccation (North Pennines,Northern England)

Strong winds are a characteristic feature of UK upland areas. Despite this, understanding of aeolian processes in upland environments of the UK is limited. This paper presents direct measurements and observations of blanket peat erosion by wind action during a two week period of desiccation in the North Pennines, Northern England. A circular configuration of mass flux sediment samplers was used to collect peat eroded by wind action from 16 cardinal compass directions. Meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature) were recorded by an automatic weather station set up adjacent to the site. Surface desiccation led to peat crust erosion and dust deflation. During short (≤1 hour) periods of precipitation, wind‐driven rainfall also caused erosion. Typically, dust flux rates were up to two orders of magnitude lower than recorded during periods of sustained wet weather. Measurements demonstrate the hitherto unreported rapid switch in process regime between wind‐driven rainfall and dry blow deflation in blanket peat environments. Dry blow processes of blanket peat erosion may become more important in UK upland areas if climate change promotes more frequent surface desiccation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近日太阳风中磁场回弯结构的MHD模拟

帕克太阳探针(Parker Solar Probe,PSP)在太阳附近发现大量磁力线回弯结构,通常还伴随有太阳风速度增加.这些磁力线回弯的产生机制到目前为止有多种解释,其中有代表性的一种是由慢太阳风中的喷流引起的.我们首先对PSP的就地观测数据进行了统计分析并给出了发生率和空间尺度随径向距离的演化情况,然后使用简化的1.5维磁流体动力学(magnetohydrodynamics,MHD)模型对喷流在太阳风中的演化进行了模拟,其中太阳风被简化为位于黄道面的球对称流.模拟结果表明喷流的确可以导致太阳附近磁力线发生偏转,验证了喷流可以对磁场方向改变有贡献的图景.不过喷流形成的原因还需要进一步研究.

     

Very quiet intervals of geomagnetic activity and the solar wind structure

Extended periods of very low geomagnetic activity as described by very quiet intervals (VQI's) occur only at those times when the solar wind velocityV has a generally decreasing trend, i.e., they mainly occur either after the velocity peak of a high speed solar stream has passed the Earth, or at times when the Earth is immersed in a low speed solar plasma provided that the daily mean value ofdV/dt is negative. The VQI's most frequently start whendV/dt<0 anddB _Z/dt>0 (B _Z is the geocentric solar magnetrospheric-GSMZ-component of the IMF) and end most likely whendV/dt>0 anddB _Z/dt<0. The temporal trends of the solar wind (SW) velocity affect the variation of thea _p index only when the level of geomagnetic activity is generally low.It is suggested that a gradual expansion or contraction of the magnetosphere, associated with a slow variation of the SW pressure, plays a role in the modification of the reconnection-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations in the magnetosphere.     

Contributions to the Ring Current Energy During Geomagnetic Storms

The purpose of this research was to study the complexity of the energization of the ring current during a geomagnetic storm, produced during southern Bz(IMF) by the injection of plasma sheet ions, accelerated by enhanced convective electric fields. This model assumes that the plasma sheet is continuously populated by H⁺ from the sun and the ionosphere, and sporadically by ionospheric O⁺, making the ring current a coupled system whose energy can hardly be expressed analytically. When Bz(IMF) turns north, the ring current becomes uncoupled, and the energy decays exponentially if the storm is weak, or can be expressed as a combination of exponentials during strong storms representing the quick decay of O⁺ and the slower decay of H⁺, as has been shown.     

Recent ventifact development on the central Oregon coast,western USA

The unusual location of ventifacts, on a boulder‐built jetty at the mouth of the Siuslaw River, Oregon coast, western USA, allows ventifact age and wind abrasion rates to be estimated with some precision. The jetty was built mainly between 1892–1901 and extended throughout the twentieth century. Consideration of historical shoreline position and the history of jetty construction and repair suggests the ventifacts have formed since about 1930. Morphologically the ventifacts are aligned south‐to‐north reflecting winter winds and sediment transport from the adjacent beach. Wind‐parallel grooves and ridges with sharp, sinuous crests are developed on inclined boulder surfaces on top of the jetty and reflect suspended sand transport in wind vortices. Deeply pitted surfaces on steep boulder surfaces nearest the beach reflect impact by saltating sand grains. Based on present wind regimes (1992–2000) from three regional weather stations, southerly winds above the sand transport threshold occur for 21·9–29·6 per cent of the time. Based on estimated depth of loss from boulder surfaces, wind abrasion rates are calculated to be on the order of 0·24–1·63 mm a^?1. This is the first well‐constrained field estimate of ventifact age and ventifaction rate from a modern coastal environment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation and measurement of surface shear stress over isolated and closely spaced transverse dunes in a wind tunnel

Topographic interactions generate multidirectional and unsteady air?ow that limits the application of velocity pro?le approaches for estimating sediment transport over dunes. Results are presented from a series of wind tunnel simulations using Irwin‐type surface‐mounted pressure sensors to measure shear stress variability directly at the surface over both isolated and closely spaced sharp‐crested model dunes. Findings complement existing theories on secondary air?ow effects on stoss transport dynamics and provide new information on the in?uence of lee‐side air?ow patterns on dune morphodynamics. For all speeds investigated, turbulent unsteadiness at the dune toe indicates a greater, more variable surface shear, despite a signi?cant drop in time‐averaged measurements of streamwise shear stress at this location. This effect is believed suf?cient to inhibit sediment deposition at the toe and may be responsible for documented intermittency in sand transport in the toe region. On the stoss slope, streamline compression and ?ow acceleration cause an increase in ?ow steadiness and shear stress to a maximum at the crest that is double that at the toe of the isolated dune and 60–70 per cent greater than at ?ow reattachment on the lower stoss of closely spaced dunes. Streamwise ?ow accelerations, rather than turbulence, have greater in?uence on stress generation on the stoss and this effect increases with stoss slope distance and with incident wind speed. Reversed ?ow within the separation cell generates signi?cant surface shear (30–40 per cent of maximum values) for both spacings. This supports ?eld studies that suggest reversed ?ow is competent enough to return sediment to the dune directly or in a de?ected direction. High variability in shear at reattachment indicates impact of a turbulent shear layer that, despite low values of time‐averaged streamwise stress in this region, would inhibit sediment accumulation. Downwind of reattachment, shear stress and ?ow steadiness increase within 6 h (h = dune height) of reattachment and approach upwind values by 25 h. A distance of at least 30 h is suggested for full boundary layer recovery, which is comparable to ?uvial estimates. The Irwin sensor used in this study provides a reliable means to measure skin friction force responsible for sand transport and its robust, simple, and cost‐effective design shows promise for validating these ?ndings in natural dune settings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.