四川金川黄土地层

马厂剖面中黄土-古土壤序列共厚15．5m,根据岩性、磁性地层特征、磁化率、CaCO3含量和光释光测年结果,将金川黄土划分为冰后期S0古土壤,末次冰期1-1黄土,末次间冰期S1古土壤、倒数第二冰期L2黄土和倒数第二间冰期S2古土壤等5个地层单位;其中,S1复合型古土壤又可细分为S1LL1、S1LL2黄土和S1SS1、S1SS2和S1SS3古土壤等5个次级地层单位。金川黄土沉积始于中更新世晚期,其底界的年龄人致为200ka BP,其磁化率变化反映了最近200ka来的高原季风演化和气候环境变迁,5个磁化率高值段指示了5个夏季风环流增强的时段,4个磁化率低值段则代表了4次夏季风减弱的时期。     

东濮凹陷西部斜坡带油田水特征及其油气地质意义

基于实际测试资料,统计分析了东濮凹陷西部斜坡带沙河街组油田水的水型、矿化度、盐类离子组分和化学系数的纵、横向变化特征,并探讨了油田水特征对油气聚集与保存的指示作用。研究表明,研究区油田水以CaCl2型为主;矿化度随埋深增大而增大,Ⅱ台阶发育高矿化度区;常规离子组成中阳离子为Na^＋ ＋K^＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋;阴离子为C1^-、SO4^2-、HCO3^-,并以Na^＋＋K^＋和Cl^-占绝对优势,在深层高矿化度区存在阳离子交替吸附现象;由浅至深、自Ⅲ台阶到Ⅰ台阶,钠氯系数、脱硫系数、碳酸盐平衡系数和钠钙系数呈减小趋势,而变质系数和钙镁系数则逐渐增大;油田水分布特征指示着研究区深层的油气保存条件优于浅层,从西部斜坡带顶部到洼陷中心油气保存条件越来越好,Ⅱ台阶是重要的油气聚集区带与勘探对象。     

Impact of lunar cycle and swell on the daily catch rate of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) using time series modelling

The western rock lobster fishery is one of the most valuable single‐species fisheries in Australia, valued at AU$300 million per year. The impact of environmental factors such as lunar cycle and swell on the daily catch rate of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cynus) is of particular interest in the stock assessment and management of the fishery. The variation in daily catch rates was examined for two periods (migrating period November‐January, non‐migrating period February‐June), at different depths in three management zones for three categories of lobster (undersize, legal size, and setose). Regression and transfer function models for relationships between catch rates and environmental data were considered and compared. The lunar cycle has a significant impact on the daily catch rates with c. 30% lower catch rate during the full moon and c. 20% higher catches near the new moon. This impact occurs mainly during the non‐migrating period both in deep water (40–100 m) and shallow water (<40 m). The swell on the day before fishing was also shown to be significantly related to the catch rate with an increase of c. 10–15% for an increase in swell from light to moderate or moderate to high. These environmental factors can be used to standardise catch rates to provide an improved abundance index for stock assessment. Also, management closures are being considered for 3–5 days over the low catch rate, full moon period to reduce fishing costs and lower fishing effort.     

西北太平洋台风频数异常及其与海气通量的关系

利用1984-2002年联合台风预警中心(JTWC)最佳路径台风资料、全球海洋客观分析海气通量(OAFluxes)资料和NCAR/NCEP-2再分析资料,使用SVD等统计方法,对西北太平洋台风频数与低层大气环流及海气通量异常之间的关系进行了研究,结果发现150°E以东的低纬海区是台风频数年际异常变化最显著的区域,台风频数与低层大气环流异常、潜热通量和短波辐射通量变化有着密切的联系:当副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、脊线偏北(南)、主体东移(西伸)时,季风槽加深东进至160°E(西退至140°E),低纬的纬向西风加强(减弱),海洋输送给大气较多(少)潜热通量,盛行的纬向西风携带着季风槽南侧的暖湿水汽与副热带高压南缘偏东气流的水汽输送在150°E以东(以西)的低纬海区辐合,150°E以东辐合上升的暖湿气团吸收的短波辐射偏多(少),有利于(不利于)形成高温高湿的不稳定结构,台风能量不断(不易)积累,在低层强(弱)辐合、高层强(弱)辐散的环境场作用下,有利于(不利于)台风在150°E以东的低纬海区的生成。     

Interaction of an anticyclonic eddy with sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean: an eddy-resolving model study

The dramatic decline of summer sea ice extent and thickness has been witnessed in the western Arctic Ocean in recent decades, which hasmotivated scientists to search for possible factors driving the sea ice variability. An eddy-resolving, ice-ocean coupled model covering the entire Arctic Ocean is implemented, with focus on the western Arctic Ocean. Special attention is paid to the summer Alaskan coastal current (ACC), which has a high temperature (up to 5℃ ormore) in the upper layer due to the solar radiation over the open water at the lower latitude. Downstream of the ACC after Barrow Point, a surface-intensified anticyclonic eddy is frequently generated and propagate towards the Canada Basin during the summer season when sea ice has retreated away from the coast. Such an eddy has a warm core, and its source is high-temperature ACC water. A typical warm-core eddy is traced. It is trapped just below summer sea ice melt water and has a thickness about 60 m. Temperature in the eddy core reaches 2-3℃, and most water inside the eddy has a temperature over 1℃. With a definition of the eddy boundary, an eddy heat is calculated, which can melt 1 600 km² of 1mthick sea ice under extreme conditions.     

南海西边界流时空特征初探

利用高分辨率的OFES数据,通过对中南半岛和海南岛沿岸比较有代表性的几个断面进行流速剖面分析和体积输送量计算,初步探讨了南海西边界流的时空特征.结果显示南海西边界流的季节变化特征明显:夏季向北流,冬季向南流,且冬季强于夏季.在体积输送大小上,越南沿岸流的体积输送量大小为(7.4±7.0)Sv,紧邻海南岛的沿岸流大小仅为(0.57±0.5)Sv,112.0°E以东的海南沿岸西边界流体积输送大小约为(4.8±1.9)Sv,并且常年向南流动.夏季的南海西边界流在北上到达中南半岛的东南部以后偏离岸线向东流动.随着夏季风的盛行,离岸流的流速变大,主轴发生了明显的摆动,由14.0°N移动到了10.0°N.离岸流对西边界流有着显著的影响作用.     

塔北隆起西部不同构造层构造样式及其成因关系

塔北隆起西部经历多期复杂的构造演化,形成了下中上三个构造层,即震旦系到古生界构造层、中生界—古近系构造层和新近系—第四纪构造层。下构造层发育逆冲断层、褶皱、走滑构造和岩浆底辟构造;中构造层发育负反转构造和正断层;上构造层英买力地区发育盐上逆冲断层构造,东部牙哈地区仍发育负反转构造。不同地区构造层之间的关系不同,牙哈地区中上构造层与下构造层的断裂发育具有很好的继承性：深层逆冲断裂由下向上扩展,控制浅层断裂走向、倾向及其运动性质,它们在浅层发育负反转构造、兼具走滑性质。英买力地区由于发育中寒武统及古近系两侧膏盐层,膏盐层的分隔造成构造层之间构造样式的不协调及其分层性特征。     

Post‐Younger Dryas deglaciation of the Greenland western margin as revealed by spatial analysis of lakes

Lake shapes and their spatial distribution are important geomorphological indicators in previously glaciated areas. Their shapes are influenced by the underlying geological structure and processes of glacial sediment deposition or erosion. Since these processes act on large areas, distribution of lakes can reflect the intensity of glacial erosional/depositional processes and their spatial extent. Landsat imagery was used to extract lake outlines from a selected pilot‐study area on the widest ice‐free coastal margin of the south‐western Greenland north of Kangerlussuaq. Analysis included image classification and spatial analysis of lakes with elevation data using geographic information system (GIS) tools. A morphometric index was applied to extract kettle lakes as indicators of a specific glacial process – ice stagnation. Analysis of their spatial distribution helped in the reconstruction of glacial dynamics in formerly glaciated terrain. Our results show that spatial lake distribution combined with elevation analysis can be used to identify zones of glacial erosion and deposition. The highest concentrations of lakes within the study area occupy the elevation range between 164 and 361 m above sea level (a.s.l.). This zone can be identified as an area where intensive glacial erosion took place in the past. The widespread distribution of modeled kettle lake features within the same elevation range and across the study area suggests that the last deglaciation process was accompanied by abandonment of blocks of stagnant ice. This conclusion is supported by surface exposure ages obtained in the same study area and published elsewhere. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内蒙古中西部地区视应力背景水平研究

根据内蒙古中西部构造及台站分布特点,从视应力的基本定义出发,选取2003年1月至2007年10月,内蒙古中部、西部地区12个地震台的2．5≤ML≤4．5级（共计129次）地震进行视应力计算,对该区域视应力背景水平及时序特征进行分析。结果表明,内蒙古中部、西部地区的视应力平均水平基本相当,该值基本上反映了内蒙古中西部地区的视应力背景水平。经对比分析,该值具有一定的可信度。研究区视应力的时间变化特征显示,需关注2004年以来内蒙古中西部地区视应力的变化发展。     

西方国家城市公共服务设施供给理论及研究进展

城市公共服务设施是城市社会性服务业的依托载体,是指城市中呈点状分布并服务于社会大众的教育、医疗、文体、商业等社会性基础设施。西方国家城市公共服务设施供给理论及研究主题可以分为三个阶段。二战后至20世纪70年代,基于公共物品理论,确立社会公共服务的政府单中心供给模式,城市公共服务设施的布局区位、供给效率是研究重点：70年代至90年代,从公共服务的双主体联合供给理论出发,探讨城市公共服务设施供给的空间公平;90年代以来,在公共服务多元化供给理论基础上,从社会结构视角深层次研究公共服务设施供给的空间可达性差异及社会空间分异。