Numerical weather prediction relevant to the monsoon problem

In this short paper we have identified some of the modelling groups that have the capability of simulating or carrying out short range numerical weather prediction over the monsoon belt. We have next outlined some of the important and desirable ingredients for a multilevel primitive equation model over the tropics, with most of the emphasis on the present version of Florida State University's Tropical Prediction Model. Finally, we present briefly some important results based on the present version of our prediction models that relate to the NWP efforts over the monsoon belt. Here we have identified the importance of mountains, convection, the radiative heating balance of the earth's surface, and the planetary boundary layer over the Arabian Sea.     

新疆及邻区体波震级初步分析研究

依据《地震震级的规定（GB 17740—2017）》,分析了2009—2017年新疆地震台网所记录的新疆及邻区476次中深源地震事件,测定了13601个m_b（短周期体波震级）和12035个m_B（BB）（宽频带体波震级）的数据样本,回归分析m_b和m_B（BB）得到回归方程及量规函数,结果显示m_b和m_B（BB）相关系数为0.966,表明两者显著相关。因此,建议对于中强型中深源地震可以直接从原始速度型宽频带数字地震记录上测定长周期体波震级m_B（BB）,提高地震速报测定的速度和精度。通过震级偏差统计和台站场地响应计算,分析新疆地震台网中的XKR、HTA、ATS和KSZ等地震台站震级偏差较大的原因为砂岩、灰岩、砂土层等类型的台基放大了场地响应,说明台基类型对体波震级偏差的影响较大。与NEIC测定的体波震级对比时,发现新疆地震台网测定体波震级平均偏大0.42级,且偏差随着震源深度的增加有增大的趋势。     

静海台地磁短周期变化异常与其附近地震的关系

近年来的一些研究表明,由于地城前孕震区地下介质的电磁结构的变化,将导致地磁短周期转换函数发生异常变化。本文通过对１９９１年唐山５．２、５．６级地城前后静海台地磁短周期转换函数参数的计算及其结果的分析和研究,提取出了可靠的地震短临前兆信息,确立了将其应用于唐山地区５级以上的震预报的短临异常特征及其指标。     

格尔木地磁台观测环境测试与分析

通过实验测试和计算，分析了高压输出电线等干扰源对格尔木地磁台观测环境的影响，进一步对格尔木地磁台观测环境现状，及今后观测环境保护工作的要点进行了综合分析讨论。     

大型维歇特地震仪的记录特征及其在地震速报中的作用

大型维歇特地震仪自德国引进南京地震台已近70年。本文简要叙述了该仪器的性能；并以南京地震台的大型维歇特地震仪的记录为例，介绍了该仪器在300-2000km范围内的记录特征，回顾了该仪器在地震速报中所起的历史作用。     

太阳X-EUV成像望远镜

太阳X_EUV成像望远镜用来监测和预报影响空间天气变化的太阳活动,专门服务于空间天气预报研究. 望远镜工作在4～100?的X射线波段和195?极紫外谱段,视场角45′,角度分辨5″,提供全日面、高分辨的成像观测. 文中分析了太阳X、EUV波段的成像观测应用,介绍了X_EUV望远镜的基本设计,分析了望远镜对不同温度日冕等离子体的敏感性、对不同太阳活动现象的响应及反演日冕等离子体参数过滤片的组合利用. 太阳X_EUV成像望远镜集成了掠入射望远镜和正入射望远镜两套系统,扩展了单一X射线望远镜的成像功能,能够观测更多的太阳爆发先兆现象或者伴生现象,是目前国际上同类仪器中最新的太阳成像监测仪器.     

盾构扩挖地铁车站结构地震反应特性振动台试验

开展了近远场地震动作用下盾构扩挖地铁车站结构的振动台试验,分析了砂土模型地基的水平位移、地表变形、加速度、土压力反应及模型结构的加速度、应变等。结果表明：模型地基-结构体系的地震响应对中低频成分发育的地震波反应更为强烈;强震作用下地铁车站结构具有明显的空间效应,地下结构的存在将会改变模型地基表面变形的分布模式。小震时模型结构中柱的加速度反应自下而上逐渐增加,而大震时其反应规律变成先增大后减小;车站结构中板的加速度反应最大、底板次之、顶板最小;小震时,同等深度处模型结构的加速度反应与模型地基土的加速度反应大小相当,侧墙的动土压力自下而上逐渐增大;大震时,模型结构的加速度反应明显大于同深度处模型地基土的加速度反应,动土压力的最大值发生在扩挖隧道的拱肩和中间部位。基于震后模型结构的宏观现象和拉应变幅值,给出了砂土地基中盾构扩挖车站结构的地震损伤演化机制。     

数字地震台网文件自动传输系统的设计

为完善数字地震台网数据服务处理功能,使用DOS脚本及汇编语言,设计开发了网络文件自动传输系统--AFTFRSD Version 1.0,每天完成前台机地震实时数据自动传输到后台机.本系统可应用于各省数字地震台网中心.     

用H/V谱比法计算云南区域数字地震台站的场地响应

用H/V谱比法,计算给出了云南区域数字地震台网23个子台S波随频率变化的台站场地响应特征。结果表明:在1～10Hz频段内,23个子台S波的场地响应相对较平坦,在1.41～2.91之间变化,平均2.08;在大于10Hz的高频段,部分台站的场地响应有较明显的放大。     

Impact of Doppler Radar Wind in Simulating the Intensity and Propagation of Rainbands Associated with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using MM5-3DVAR System

Pre-monsoon rainfall around Kolkata (northeastern part of India) is mostly of convective origin as 80% of the seasonal rainfall is produced by Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS). Accurate prediction of the intensity and structure of these convective cloud clusters becomes challenging, mostly because the convective clouds within these clusters are short lived and the inaccuracy in the models initial state to represent the mesoscale details of the true atmospheric state. Besides the role in observing the internal structure of the precipitating systems, Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) provides an important data source for mesoscale and microscale weather analysis and forecasting. An attempt has been made to initialize the storm-scale numerical model using retrieved wind fields from single Doppler radar. In the present study, Doppler wind velocities from the Kolkata Doppler weather radar are assimilated into a mesoscale model, MM5 model using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system for the prediction of intense convective events that occurred during 0600 UTC on 5 May and 0000 UTC on 7 May, 2005. In order to evaluate the impact of the DWR wind data in simulating these severe storms, three experiments were carried out. The results show that assimilation of Doppler radar wind data has a positive impact on the prediction of intensity, organization and propagation of rain bands associated with these mesoscale convective systems. The assimilation system has to be modified further to incorporate the radar reflectivity data so that simulation of the microphysical and thermodynamic structure of these convective storms can be improved.