High Arctic sea ice conditions influence marine birds wintering in Low Arctic regions

Ocean climate change is having profound biological effects in polar regions. Such change can also have far-reaching downstream effects in sub-polar regions. This study documents an environmental relationship between High Arctic sea ice changes and mortality events of marine birds in Low Arctic coastal regions. During April 2007 and March 2009, hundreds of beached seabird carcasses and moribund seabirds were found along the east and northeast coasts of Newfoundland, Canada. These seabird “wrecks” (i.e. dead birds on beaches) coincided with a period of strong, persistent onshore winds and heavily-accumulated sea ice that blocked bays and trapped seabirds near beaches. Ninety-two percent of wreck seabirds were Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia). Body condition and demographic patterns of wreck murres were compared to Thick-billed Murres shot in the Newfoundland murre hunt. Average body and pectoral masses of wreck carcasses were 34% and 40% lighter (respectively) than shot murres, indicating that wreck birds had starved. The acute nature of each wreck suggested that starvation and associated hypothermia occurred within 2–3 days. In 2007, first-winter murres (77%) dominated the wreck. In 2009, there were more adults (78%), mostly females (66%). These results suggest that spatial and temporal segregation in ages and sexes can play a role in differential survival when stochastic weather conditions affect discrete areas where these groups aggregate. In wreck years, southward movement of Arctic sea ice to Low Arctic latitudes was later and blocked bays longer than in most other years. These inshore conditions corresponded with recent climate-driven changes in High Arctic ice break-up and ice extent; coupled with local weather conditions, these ice conditions appeared to be the key environmental features that precipitated the ice-associated seabird wrecks in the Low Arctic region.     

Recent progress in cloud physics research in China

A review of China cloud physics research during 2003-2006 is made in this paper. The studies on cloud field experiments and observation, cloud physics and precipitation, including its theoretical applications in hail suppression and artificial rain enhancement, cloud physics and lightning, and clouds and climate change are included. Due primarily to the demand from weather modification activities, the issue of cloud physics and weather modification has been addressed in China with many field experiments and model studies. While cloud physics and weather modification is still an important research field, the interaction between aerosol, cloud and radiation processes, which is the key issue of current climate change research, has become a new research direction in China over the past four years.     

区域气象站建设和维护过程中的若干问题及解决办法

简单介绍了兰州市气象局区域气象站的建设情况。根据建设区域气象站的经验,针对建站过程中出现的设备选型和要素选择、站址选择、通信方式选择等问题及提出了解决办法;针对系统运行维护过程中出现的数据库管理、数据传输监控等问题提出了解决办法;最后根据实际运行开发数据传输监控系统的一些应用做了简单介绍。     

利用GPS无线电掩星技术探测大气的探讨

介绍了GPS无线电掩星技术探测大气的原理,分析了GPS无线电掩星技术在监测全球气候变化和提高数值天气预报精度等方面的潜在贡献,最后对其应用前景进行了展望。     

中国空间天气研究进展

空间天气指太阳、行星际空间和地球空间(地球磁层、电离层、热层和中高层大气)的状态及其变化,它能够影响到天基和地基技术系统的运行和可靠性,危及人类的生存.空间天气计划包括观测和资料分析,研究和数值建模,预报和服务.本文评述了近十年来我国空间天气研究中的一些重要成果.     

Severe winter weather as a response to the lowest Arctic sea-ice anomalies

Possible impact of reduced Arctic sea-ice on winter severe weather in China is investigated regarding the snowstorm over southern China in January 2008. The sea-ice conditions in the summer （July-September） and fall （September-November） of 2007 show that the sea-ice is the lowest that year. During the summer and fall of 2007, sea ice displayed a significant decrease in the East Siberian, the northern Chukchi Sea, the western Beaufort Sea, the Barents Sea, and the Kara Sea. A ECHAM5.4 atmospheric general circula- tion model is forced with realistic sea-ice conditions and strong thermal responses with warmer surface air temperature and higher-than-normal heat flux associated with the sea-ice anomalies are found. The model shows remote atmospheric responses over East Asia in January 2008, which result in severe snowstorm over southern China. Strong water-vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal and from the Pacific Ocean related to Arctic sea-ice anomalies in the fall （instead of summer） of 2007 is considered as one of the main causes of the snowstorm formation.     

2008年奥运期间3号岗各场馆实况天气分析

通过对2008年8月奥运期间3号岗各场馆实况天气(降水、气温、相对湿度、风等)以及8月份北京地区逐日高空、地面天气形势的分析,运用最常用的资料(尤其是自动站资料)找出不同站点精细预报要素的规律及差异。通过分析提出针对不同要素预报的评价标准应该有所侧重,同时在自动站站点布设方面应该注意自动站的代表意义等。此外在分析中更加仔细领会精细预报的内涵,指出精细预报中配合具体服务重点的跟进预报及跟踪服务的重要性。     

1956—2019年昌北国际机场高影响天气变化特征

基于1956—2019年参证气象站记录的雷暴、闪电、暴雨、高温、低温、雾和霾等气候资料,利用常规气候统计及Morlet小波方法对影响昌北机场安全运营的高影响天气事件演变及周期变化规律进行统计分析。结果表明:1)雷暴多出现于春夏季,年均雷暴日数为49.8 d,呈波动下降趋势。2)春夏季闪电高发,且夏季机场附近存在较明显的闪电集中区域,闪电高频时段为13—20时,最高峰为15时。3)年均暴雨、大暴雨日数分别为5.0 d和0.8 d,呈缓慢增长趋势,暴雨集中在4—8月,大暴雨集中在4、6月,二者均在6月份最多。4)夏季高温日数呈缓慢增加趋势,7月份最多,8月份次之;冬季低温日数呈明显下降趋势,1月份最多,12月份次之。5)年均霾日数大于雾日数,霾多发于秋冬季,雾集中在冬春季,均于12月最常发生。6)冰雹、积雪、结冰、冻雨、沙尘、龙卷风等破坏性天气发生频次较小,但不应忽视此类天气的防范工作。7)暴雨、低温及高温日数均存在准2 a的周期变化。     

鄂尔多斯地区2007年冬季异常气候影响的思考

通过对鄂尔多斯地区2007年冬季异常气候及产生的灾害性天气事件进行了调查,结合IPCC公布的最新数据及专家研究成果,提出了鄂尔多斯地区应对异常气候造成的灾害性天气事件的一些措施。     

上海GPS综合应用网对2002年长江三角洲地区入梅过程的监测

简要介绍了上海GPS综合应用网(SCGAN)情况，分析了该网从2002年6月投入正常运行后，获取的2002年入梅前后长江三角洲地区高分辨率可降水量(PWV)资料，描述了PWV所反映的长江三角洲地区的入梅过程和特点，以及把GPS／PWV同化到中尺度数值预报模式初始场中的试验。