江南造山带中段地壳结构特征——来自武宁—吉安深反射地震随机介质相关长度分析的认识

江南造山带位于扬子和华夏地块中间,受华南陆块及其周缘多期次的碰撞、裂解及再造过程影响,经历了复杂的构造运动和变形,于中生代期间受区域构造-岩浆事件影响,发生成矿“大爆发”,是研究陆内深部过程、成矿作用的关键地区。受沉积覆盖、出露较少等因素影响,江南造山带中段地壳结构、深部过程及其边界范围等还存在争议。为进一步提高对江南造山带中段中生代深部构造背景、动力学过程及成矿作用的认识,本文利用武宁—吉安深反射地震数据,进行随机介质参数的计算,获得了相关长度剖面。结果发现江南造山带中段地壳厚度沿剖面由北向南逐渐减薄,结合前人研究推测研究区受控于燕山期晚期伸展构造体制,在伸展构造背景下,导致地壳减薄,诱发幔源物质上涌,受地幔上涌影响由南往北逐渐减弱。同时揭示了宜丰—景德镇断裂深大断裂极性,进一步证明了萍乡—广丰断裂为江南造山带中段与华夏地块的边界。最后综合分析了中生代区域构造对成矿的影响,认为在伸展构造背景下,幔源物质沿断裂上涌控制了该区金、钨等矿床的形成。     

广西"十五"数字测震台网信道建设与系统集成

通过实施广西"十五"数字测震台网建设项目,在保证地震速报能力的前提下,根据广西区域数字测震台的布局,合理选择台站不同数据传输模式和台网集成方案,以取得系统的优良性价比.     

Enhancement of the channel routing module in SWAT

The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the channel flow routing techniques used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be sometimes inappropriate for runoff simulation in small basins. Simulated hydrographs have a tendency to underestimate peak flows or may send a false signal during the recession periods when SWAT is applied to the Mihocheon Basin in South Korea. This was particularly evident for sub‐basins that had a short travel time of much less than a day. In order to enhance the channel routing module in SWAT, an alternative routing technique in which Manning relationship is combined with a simple channel reach continuity equation is proposed in the present study. The advantage of the proposed routing technique is that parameters are readily available from channel morphological data and that it is applicable to small basins. Through simulations of specific events, this routing module that is incorporated into SWAT is almost free from instability errors and produces realistic flow depths and velocities unlike the original version of SWAT with Muskingum method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph

The instantaneous unit hydrograph for a channel network under general linear routing and conditioned on the network magnitude,N, tends asymptotically, asN grows large, to a Rayleigh probability density function. This behavior is identical to that of the width function of the network, and is proven under the assumption that the network link configuration is topologically random and the link hydraulic and geometric properties are independent and identically distributed random variables. The asymptotic distribution depends only on a scale factor, , where is a mean link wave travel time.     

国家气象中心数值预报业务的进展

在最近的１５年中，国家气象中心的数值预报业务高速度发展，预报模式从北半球模式发展为全球谱模式，并配套建立了资料同化系统和用于降水预报的有限区预报模式，暴雨和台风预报模式正在研制中。目前数值预报时效已延至７天，Ｔ６３９３丙上时的预报水平已优于的数值预报产品的应用技术在不断改进，最高（低）气温下两天ＭＯＳ预报精度已接近预报员制作的综合预报结果。     

Channel and floodplain response to recent abrupt climate change: The tyne basin,Northern England

This paper examines the timing, nature and magnitude of river response in upland, piedmont and lowland reaches of the Tyne basin, northern England, to high-frequency (20–30 year) changes in climate and flood regime since 1700 AD. Over this period fluvial activity has been characterized by alternating phases of river-bed incision and stability coinciding with non-random, decadal-scale fluctuations in flood frequency and hydroclimate that appear to be linked to changes in large-scale upper atmospheric circulation patterns. Episodes of widespread channel bed incision (1760–1799, 1875–1894, 1955–1969) result from a higher frequency of large floods (> 20 year return period) and cool, wet climate under meridional circulation regimes. Phases of more moderate floods (5–20 year return period), corresponding to zonal circulation types (1820–1874, 1920–1954), are characterized by enhanced lateral reworking and sediment transfer in upper reaches of the catchment, and channel narrowing and infilling downstream. Rates of fluvial activity are reduced in intermediate periods (1800–1819, 1895–1919) with no dominant circulation regime associated with lower flood frequency and magnitude. The results of this study provide a valuable guide for forecasting probable drainage basin and channel response to future climate change.     

Explorations into the formal structure of drainage basins

Every basin of higher than first order is drained by a channel network composed of two subnetworks. Their basins are separated by a drainage divide line, called the basin divider, which is the primary organizing feature of the main basin. Each basin of magnitude n contains n – 1 subnetworks of higher order, and is therefore organized by a set of n – 1 dividers. The dividers and the basin boundary are interconnected in a graph called the divider network of the basin; in graph-theoretic terms this network forms a tree and has the same magnitude and link numbers as the channel network draining the basin. While the subbasins and subnetworks of a drainage basin form a nesting hierarchy, the corresponding dividers do not; indeed, any two dividers share at most one node in common, and whether they do so is independent of whether the corresponding subbasins are nesting or disjoint. However, the dividers of nesting basins are linked by recursive relationships which permit the derivation of a set of algebraic equations; these equations relate the dividers of a basin to other basin components; for example, their combined length is equal to half the length of all first-order basin boundaries minus the length of the main basin boundary. The second part of the paper explores the dependence of the divider length on other basin parameters. The expected length, as predicted by the assumption of topological randomness, is clearly rejected by the data. An alternative approach (regression) is based on the observed magnitudes of the subbasins separated by each divider, and is reasonably successful in estimating divider length. The last section introduces the concept of the standardized basin defined by a boundary length of unity; the estimated lengths of the basin divider and the basin boundary permit an approximate reconstruction of the idealized basin shape and the location of the divider in it.     

开敞水域中航槽流场的数值模拟

建立了一个模拟开敞水域中航槽流场的平面二维数学模型.利用该模型计算得到的流速分布与袁美琦、李安中等人试验值相吻合,并计算了相当于天然情况下(各种水深、挖深比及航槽与水流的不同交角)的流场,得到了各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽流速折减系数变化规律图,及各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽中流向与航槽轴线交角的变化规律图,为开敞水域中航槽选线设计提供了依据.     

大尺度形势对中尺度对流风暴影响的研究

通过对多次强对流过程的分析,归纳出大尺度天气形势对中尺度对流风暴发生发展影响的4个方面,提出了天气形势分型的基本原则,并介绍了北京、华东和闽南地区不同天气形势下强对流活动的特点。     

船舶气象导航随船验证

通过横流太平洋往返两个航次随船调查，研究了采用气象导航对减少燃油消耗和保证船舶安全、班期等，不但有定的经济效益，而且是一种非常有效的航运管理方法。