Local stability and estimation of uncertainty for solutions to inverse problems

 We present a method for studying local stability of a solution to an inverse problem and evaluate the uncertainty in determining true values of particular observables. The investigation is done under the assumption that only the Gaussian part of fluctuations about the local minimum of the cost (likelihood) function is essential. Our approach is based on the spectral analysis of the Hessian operator associated with the cost function at its extremal point, and we put forward an effective iterative algorithm suitable for numerical implementation in the case of a computationally large problem. Received: 16 May 2001 / Accepted: 22 October 2001     

江西银山（铜）—铅—锌—银矿床水—岩体系氢与氧同位素研究

该矿床不同阶段脉石英δ~(18)O值稳定在16‰±,计算的δ~(18)O_(H_2O)达8‰±;脉石英包裹体δD_(H_2O)产值稳定在-60‰±。从地表向不同深度,直到1200m以下,蚀变岩石δ~(18)O值从15‰±,逐渐降为11‰±。各种水-岩交换计算表明,成矿流体是大气降水与千枚岩在350℃和有效W/R值为0.1左右时形成的,当它进入上部矿化体系线形水-岩交换时,有效W/R值增大为5.0以上。进而建立了缓冲开放体系两阶段水-岩交换演化成矿模式。     

用GIS进行邻近性分析的方法及应用

邻近性分析是GIS特有的功能之一,也是GIS相对于其它信息系统的优势之一。邻近分析方法主要应用于研究中心体与周围一定距离的事物之间的关系,这样,可以把比较复杂的问题直观化、科学化,再用GIS的有关数据通过模型分析,得出相当直观的结果,为用户提供较为实用的服务。作者提出了邻近性分析的二种非常简便和实用的方法,并展示了它的应用实例,一种方法是等距缓冲区法及其在城市道路规划中拆迁问题的研究和城市管理中违章建筑问题的研究;另一种方法是等值线法及其在公共设施规划和居住区规划中的应用。用GIS进行邻近性分析真正体现了GIS的“把空间位置数据与属性数据有机地结合起来”,这个突出的特点是其它数据库所不及的。     

Question of the pitch-roll buoy response to ocean waves as a simple harmonic oscillator?

The assumption that the East and North deck slopes of a pitch–roll buoy respond to East and North sea slopes as simple harmonic oscillators is routinely made by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and others producing directional wave data. Although directional wave data derived with this assumption usually appear to be of good quality, the validity of the assumption has not previously been more directly demonstrated. In this paper, a method is proposed to judge the validity of the assumption for any set of time series records of buoy angular motion. The proposed method is applied to 200 record sets taken by an NDBC buoy located at ocean station 46024, and to five record sets taken by another NDBC buoy at 46051. For the 46024 data, it was demonstrated that the simple harmonic oscillator assumption was near perfectly valid. For the smaller 46051 data set, the simple harmonic oscillator assumption was shown to be slightly less valid.     

Computation of wave-making resistance of a catamaran in deep water using a potential-based panel method

This paper presents a potential-based boundary element method for solving a nonlinear free-surface flow problem for a Wigley catamaran moving with a uniform speed in deep water. Since the interior flow of each monohull of the catamaran is different from the exterior flow, both monohulls must be considered as lifting bodies. The pressure Kutta condition is imposed at the trailing-edge of the lifting body by determining the dipole distribution, which generates required circulation on the lifting part. The effects of wave interference and hull separation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the catamaran hull are analyzed and the validity of the computer scheme is examined by comparing the wave resistance with the numerical results of others. The present method could be a useful design tool for screening the suitable combinations of hull parameters and hull spacing at the preliminary design stage of catamaran hull.     

非线性差分方程的正不减解

最近Ｃｈｅｎｇ用Ｓｃｈａｕｄｅｎ不动点对来自Ｈａｒｄｙ不等式的一个非线性差分方程建立了正不减解存在性定理。本文用增算子理论给出该方程的一个新的存在正不减解的充分条件。     

二氧化碳含量变化对海水碳酸盐系统的影响 1．大气CO_2含量变化及海水碳酸盐系统缓冲能力探讨

作者根据Ｋｅｅｌｉｎｇ等人提出的１９７０～１９８８年大气ＣＯ２含量随时间变比进行统计，指出大气ＣＯ２含量按指数变化递增。据此．对近年大气ＣＯ２含量进行预测，到２０５０年时将增至４５４×１０－６，较目前增加约３０％。由于大气ＣＯ２分压上升，导致ＣＯ２向海洋转移、作者采用Ｌｉ提出的指数变化模式，以Ｈｏｌｌａｎｄ给出的海水中无机碳逗留时间８．０×１０４年代入计算。到２０５０年时，海水碳酸盐系统仅可容纳来自大气的ＣＯ２１．１×１０１０ｔ。因此必须引起人们控制ＣＯ２向大气的排放。鉴于计算过程中未考虑海水有机生物体的影响及颗粒ＣａＣＯ３对缓冲ＣＯ２所作贡献，因此，实际情况会好于本文计算结果。     

Operator‐splitting method for real‐time substructure testing

It has been shown that the operator‐splitting method (OSM) provides explicit and unconditionally stable solutions for quasi‐static pseudo‐dynamic substructure testing. However, the OSM provides only an explicit target displacement but not an explicit target velocity, so that it is essentially an implicit method for real‐time substructure testing (RST) when the velocity‐dependent restoring force is considered. This paper proposes a target velocity formulation based on the forward difference of the predicted displacements so as to render the OSM explicit for RST. The stability and accuracy of the resulting OSM‐RST algorithm are investigated. It is shown that the OSM‐RST is unconditionally stable so long as the non‐linear stiffness and damping are of the softening type (i.e. the tangent stiffness and damping never exceed the initial values). The stability of the OSM‐RST for structures with infinite tangent damping coefficient or stiffness is also proved, and the stability of the method for MDOF structures with a non‐classical damping matrix is demonstrated by an energy criterion. The effects of actuator delay and compensation are analysed based on the bilinear approximation of the actuator step response. Experiments on damped SDOF and MDOF structures verify that the stability of the OSM‐RST is preserved when the experimental substructure generates velocity‐dependent reaction forces, whereas the stability of real‐time substructure tests based on the central difference method is worsened by the damping of the specimen. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GIS中地图符号化研究与实践

本文从应用的角度,对地图符号库的组织和访问机制进行了研究,并首次引入显示控制样式的概念,同时对显示控制样式在地图符号化中的应用进行了深入研究。实践证明,该研究成果可以很好地解决多地图符号库管理和高效访问问题,控制地图的显示效果和改善地图的显示速度,另外还可以兼顾地图屏幕显示和打印输出效果。     

基于遗传算法最短路径问题的探讨

对用遗传算法求解最短路径问题作了有益的尝试，详细分析了求解最佳路径的遗传算法的构成要素，提出了一种新的交叉算子，并且论证了算法参数对结果的影响。通过仿真实验，给出了算法的主要性能参数，证明了算法的可行性。并指出了遗传算法求解最短路径问题的不足之处。