Interbasin freshwater,heat and salt transport through the boundaries of the East and South China Seas from a variable-grid global ocean circulation model

It has long been recognized that the circulation in the East China Sea (ECS) and Japan/East Sea (JES) is closely related with that in Pacific, especially with the Kuroshio (e.g., Nitani[1], Hi-daka[2]). Based on current measurements in the Taiwan Strait a…     

The GeoClaw software for depth-averaged flows with adaptive refinement

Many geophysical flow or wave propagation problems can be modeled with two-dimensional depth-averaged equations, of which the shallow water equations are the simplest example. We describe the GeoClaw software that has been designed to solve problems of this nature, consisting of open source Fortran programs together with Python tools for the user interface and flow visualization. This software uses high-resolution shock-capturing finite volume methods on logically rectangular grids, including latitude-longitude grids on the sphere. Dry states are handled automatically to model inundation. The code incorporates adaptive mesh refinement to allow the efficient solution of large-scale geophysical problems. Examples are given illustrating its use for modeling tsunamis and dam-break flooding problems. Documentation and download information is available at www.clawpack.org/geoclaw.     

利用NOAA／AVHRR影像资料估算积雪量的方法探讨

结合实际考察的各种资料数据,在我们以往研究的理论技术、估算用数学模型和应用程序的基础上,提出和论述了估算航卫遥感影像信息中积雪量的整套计算机分析流程和处理新方法,并在技术措施和适用性上,进一步进行了验证、增补和修改。在时间上对不同年份而在同一季节时期局部地区的遥感积雪资料进行相对量的结果分析和比较,给出了一些实际数据图表。     

水利工程兴建后洞庭湖径流与泥沙的变化

本文根据1951—1988年洞庭湖及其入湖河流的水文泥沙资料,研究大型水利工程兴建后洞庭湖径流与泥沙的变化。研究表明,近40年来洞庭湖的径流量减少了29.2％,输沙量减少了48.7％。引起水沙变化的主要原因是荆江四口分流河床的淤积,使荆江入湖的径流量与输沙量减少。1966—1972年下荆江三个弯道裁弯取直,使荆江河床下切,导致荆江及其分流水位的下降,也促使荆江分流的流量与输沙量的减少。40年来洞庭湖水流变化的趋势对洞庭湖、江汉平原与长江中下游的防洪较为有利。     

Modeling of the Shale Volume in the Hendijan Oil Field Using Seismic Attributes and Artificial Neural Networks

Petrophysical properties have played an important and definitive role in the study of oil and gas reservoirs, necessitating that diverse kinds of information are used to infer these properties. In this study, the seismic data related to the Hendijan oil field were utilised, along with the available logs of 7 wells of this field, in order to use the extracted relationships between seismic attributes and the values of the shale volume in the wells to estimate the shale volume in wells intervals. After the overall survey of data, a seismic line was selected and seismic inversion methods (model-based, band limited and sparse spike inversion) were applied to it. Amongst all of these techniques, the model-based method presented the better results. By using seismic attributes and artificial neural networks, the shale volume was then estimated using three types of neural networks, namely the probabilistic neural network (PNN), multi-layer feed-forward network (MLFN) and radial basic function network (RBFN).     

深埋隧道岩爆规模现场快速估算方法

以岩爆破坏的洞壁面积及爆落的岩体体积作为衡量岩爆灾害规模的重要指标,提出一种基于现场测量信息的爆坑几何形态快速建模及岩爆规模估算方法,该方法的重要组成部分包括:爆坑形态类型的概化、爆坑测量断面的选取、控制测点的确定及坐标记录、爆坑纵横断面轮廓线线型的拟合、洞壁破坏面积与爆坑体积估算公式的推导。针对工程中常见的窝型与V型爆坑,分别建立了适用于隧道直线形与拱形洞壁的岩爆规模估算公式,探讨了非典型窝型与V型爆坑,岩爆规模估算的近似处理方法。将所提出的方法应用于我国西南锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞工程的岩爆规模估算,典型案例验证结果表明,利用该估算方法所给出的结果与现场实际的岩爆规模接近一致,估算误差约为15%以内。研究成果能够为岩爆烈度等级划分及严重程度的评定提供重要的基础性指标。     

韧性剪切带内的流体与岩石相互作用研究进展

构造变形与流体联合控制成矿作用的机制是矿床学界关注的热点问题之一。作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带,剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体,流体与岩石的相互作用及其化学效应和物理效应,导致了矿物化学不平衡和组分的迁移,引起岩石化学成分重新调整。文章通过对韧性剪切带内的流体作用、剪切带内的成分与体积变化、剪切变形与成矿模拟实验总结,讨论了剪切变形过程中的力学-化学作用、剪切构造应力和流体在构造成岩成矿过程中的行为。因此,要加强构造应力对温度、岩石物理性质、地球化学相平衡和水岩体系的相关参量方面影响的综合研究。     

基于激光雷达(LiDAR)的地形与钻探滑面重构滑坡体积计算方法——以四川省巴塘县德达古滑坡为例

由于滑坡具有突发性和运动速度快的特性,对社会和人类生命财产具有重大危害,往往滑坡体积和规模越大造成的危害也越大,因此,滑坡体积的精准计算对于防治工程的实施和防灾减灾风险评价尤为重要.目前滑坡体积计算常用的方法主要有野外测量法、几何法、数值模拟法、DEM(数字高程模型)法等,这些方法都具有一定的局限性,对于滑坡体积的计算...     

交通量、车速及交通密度关系分析

对于典型的流量-速度-密度交通流三维模型,由不同的速度-密度关系式,建立易于理解和接受,且更偏重于安全可靠的流量-密度和流量-速度关系模型,从而为交通分析和控制管理提供依据。     

钻孔水泥浆灌注替浆量的计算及操作问题

分析了钻孔水泥浆液灌注过程中孔内水位变化以及管路虹吸现象对替浆量的影响;指出了以往替浆量计算方法的不足;根据水力学压力平衡理论修订建立了新的钻孔水泥浆灌注替浆量的计算公式。