可见光波段海面目标物的光谱对比度──Ⅰ．理论基础

对海面目标物的目视观察，其能见距离与观测方向、海面背景光谱辐射、目标物固有光谱辐射和大气分子及气溶胶的光学参数等因素有密切关系。本文从理论上分析各种因素的影响，特别是研究了海面背景辐射对目标物光谱对比度的作用。推导出不同观测方向下目标物光谱对比度的计算公式。作为例子，给出海面上黑色物体的光谱对比度公式，也给出海面目标“被隐蔽”的条件。     

基于小型无人机可见光遥感的蓝藻识别研究

以无人机航拍获取的可见光影像为数据源,研究小面积水域中蓝藻的提取方法。首先采用无人机获取可见光影像,运用4种可见光植被指数对图像进行运算,提出了用于蓝藻识别的可见光归一化差异植被指数与增强型红绿差值植被指数,以人工目视解译统计得到的蓝藻面积作为判别依据。结果表明:利用增强型红绿差值植被指数对湖泊中蓝藻的分类及提取,精度可达95.89%,Kappa系数为97.03,质量稳定,精度较高。     

基于可见光通信的MIMO技术研究现状

随着灯光与光无线通信技术的结合,基于LED的可见光通信（VLC）越来越受到人们的关注.本文首先探讨了可见光通信的基带处理过程.为了提高室内照明度,LED阵列渐渐被广泛使用,基于此,可见光通信系统中基于LED阵列的MIMO技术也进入研究者的视野,因此,随后介绍了两种VLC-MIMO机制,并介绍了空时分组编码（STBC）在VLC-MIMO系统中的研究进展.作为对比,最后对LTE系统中的物理层处理过程和多天线技术进行技术探讨,并大胆预测了可见光通信基带处理后续可能发展的方向.     

Calibration and Validation of an All-Sky Imager

The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provides all-sky visible images in the red, green, and blue channels. This paper presents three major calibration experiments of the all-sky imager, geometric angular calibration, optical calibration, and radiometric calibration, and then infers an algorithm to retrieve relative radiance from the all-sky images. Field experiments show that the related coefficient between retrieved radiance and measured radiance is about 0.91. It is feasible to use the algorithm to retrieve radiance from images. The paper sets up a relationship between radiance and the image, which is useful for using the all-sky image in numerical-simulations that predict more meteorological parameters.     

铝合金中镁元素数字光谱快速分析

利用可见光谱数字化分析系统将铝合金中镁元素Mg518.36nm分析谱线组谱图转变为数字化的电子谱图,使用计算机自动分析代替人眼视觉判断,解决了谱图的量化分析和记录难题。对6种不同镁元素含量的铝合金标准样品进行了数字化分析测定,探索了选用Mg518.36nm作为分析谱线,分别选用Cu510.55nm和Fe510.75nm作为比较谱线进行定量测定的方法。数据显示,分析谱线和比较谱线的强度比值与镁元素含量呈正比。研究了数字化系统指导视场定位和谱线辨别的途径,降低了可见光谱分析的技术难度并提高了快速分析的可靠性。结果表明,数字化技术保持快速分析特点的同时可以达到定量分析的目的,能够有效解决铝合金中镁元素的快速定量分析及材料牌号鉴别问题。     

基于GIS资源评价发展现状及前景分析

在GIS广泛应用的今天,GIS在资源评价中的作用越来越突出。GIS不仅解决了手工制图的种种弊端,更重要的是使资源评价过程中的统计、分析、计算等复杂重复性的工作实现自动化,将资源评价从手工劳动中解放出来。在这种背景下,加快了GIS资源评价的发展和应用。本文通过对于GIS技术实践分析,对GIS在资源评价模型应用及发展趋势方面提出自己的认识,对资源评价理论及研究成果方面做了客观描述,并概述GIS地质模型发展趋势做了总结,为GIS资源评价的发展提供技术上的支持。     

GMS卫星资料估算地表旬太阳辐射

GMS－5静止气象卫星较宽的可见光波段，为估算到达地表的太阳辐射提供了极好的信息源。利用GMS－5可见光通道资料，分析估计太阳辐射的可行性，并给出了相应的卫星资料处理方法。利用逐时观测资料和济南日射观测站太阳总辐射小时辐照总量实测资料，建立了可见光反照率与小时辐照总量的统计关系，探讨了旬太阳辐射的估算模型。估算结果与日射站实测结果比较，旬辐射估计量的均方误差为7．7MJ.m^-1，平均相对误差为3．4％。     

The equilibrium constant of NO2 with N2O4 and the temperature dependence of the visible spectrum of NO2: A critical review and the implications for measurements of NO2 in the polar stratosphere

Measurements of stratospheric NO₂ by ground-based visible spectrometers rely on laboratory measurements of absorption cross-sections. We review low-temperature laboratory measurements, which disagree by amounts claimed to be significant. Our recalculation of their errors shows that in general disagreements are not significant and that errors in the ratios of cross-sections at low to room temperature are between ±3% and ±8.8%. Of these errors, up to ±3.5% was contributed by errors in the equilibrium constant,K _p, in those measurements where the pressure was above 0.1 mbar.We review measurements and calculations ofK _p, which were accurate to ±5% from 300 to 233 K. Each method was potentially flawed. For example, infrared measurements of the partial pressure of NO₂ ignored the dependence of absorption on total pressure. From thermodynamic theory, formulae forK _pcan be derived from expressions for the variation of heat capacity with temperature. Contrary to common belief, coefficients in the formulae used by spectroscopists were not derived from the thermodynamic quantities. Rather, they were fitted to measurements or to calculations. Hence, they are empirical and it is dangerous to extrapolate below 233 K, the lowest temperature of the measurements.There are no measurements of NO₂ cross-sections below 230 K. Extrapolation of these cross-sections to analysis of measurements of NO₂ at the low temperatures of the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere is also dangerous. For satisfactory analysis of polar spectra, the NO₂ cross-sections should be measured at temperatures down to 190 K with a relative accuracy of ±1%. This difficult experiment would need a cell of minimum length 32 m whose length can be adjusted. Because their effects are circular, many errors cannot be removed simply. Although circular errors also arise in the measurements ofK _pand of the infrared spectrum, their weights differ from those in the visible spectrum. The optimum experiment might therefore simultaneously measure the visible and infrared spectra andK _p.     

利用MODIS的多通道信息估计中纬度降雨

基于同一Aqua卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS的多通道数据和被动微波辐射计AMSR-E的微波数据,文中研究了由MODIS的热红外亮温TB11μm和可见光通道反射率R0.65μm估计中纬度降雨的方法。首先利用MODIS的R0.65μm>0.8和TB11μm<270 K检测降雨云,并利用一个非线性函数估计雨强。同时,利用AMSR-E微波降雨产品对MODIS降雨估计进行了验证,发现降雨范围和雨强基本一致,在2°格点上相关系数的平方达到0.82,这启示MODIS降雨估计可以达到与被动微波降雨估计相近的精度。与自动雨量站观测数据的检验也取得较好的效果。     

基于多尺度特征感知网络的城市植被无人机遥感分类

目前城市植被分类受特征相近、光谱相似影响导致植被漏分、错分。因此,设计了一种多尺度特征感知网络（MFDN）结合高分辨率无人机可见光影像对城市植被分类。该网络针对漏分、错分问题,通过在输入层引入坐标卷积减少空间信息的丢失;构建并行网络增强多尺度特征信息并在网络之间引入重复多尺度融合模块使整个过程保持高分辨率表示,减少细节特征的丢失;同时添加分离特征模块扩大感受野,获取多尺度特征,从而有效缓解了城市植被错分、漏分现象。结果表明,MFDN方法在仅使用无人机可见光影像条件下主要是通过空间模式而不是光谱信息促进了城市植被分类,平均总体精度为89.54%,平均F1得分为75.85%,平均IOU为65.45%,分割结果准确完整。因此,所提方法与易于操作的低成本无人机系统相匹配,适用于城市植被快速调查,可以为城市空间利用和生态资源调查提供技术支持和科学依据。