KL变换在阳春—石录地区分散流数据发掘中的应用

在广东阳春—石录地区的二轮找矿中，采用数字图像处理KL变换技术，对812km^2、1：50000比例尺的成矿元素——Cu、Ph、Zn、W、Mo、Sn、Ag、Hg的分散流数据，开展了以隐伏矿床数据发掘为目标的地球化学可视化分析。通过对这8种成矿元素组合的KL变换的第一、第二和第三主因子图像特征的提取，结合单元素彩色编码图像分析与综合地质解译，获得了过去采用常规化探数据处理方法难干蔟得的隐伏矿床信息，在此基础上，提出了6个新的找矿预测区。     

基于组合卫星导航系统的编队卫星分析

针对编队飞行中星间相对定位的任务需求,分析了卫星导航系统对编队卫星的动态观测几何问题,引入了相对定位精度衰减因子(RDOP)描述,并讨论了其性质。在对编队中单颗低轨卫星进行导航卫星GDOP分析的基础上,研究了不同编队宽度下编队集合的共视卫星和共视时段,仿真了一定场景下的编队卫星RDOP,并比较了与PDOP的大小关系。接收机的截止高度角对于导航卫星GDOP影响较大;编队宽度会影响到共视卫星的选择;而与采用单个GPS系统相比,采用GPS-Galileo组合卫星导航系统对编队卫星进行相对定位,RDOP数值明显减小,从而有利于高精度的星间位置确定。     

一种适用于彩色图像版权通知的数字水印算法

在对彩色图像及相关算法进行分析的基础上,提出了一种适用于彩色图像版权通知的可见数字水印算法。该算法同时适用于灰度图像的版权通知。在将彩色图像从RGB空间转换到HSI空间后,根据Sobel梯度算子计算嵌入水印的强度大小;在空域中自适应地嵌入可见水印以实现对图像的版权通知功能。实验结果表明,该算法操作简单且十分有效,嵌入的可见水印很难被去除,对灰度及彩色图像的版权可以起到很好的通知和保护作用。     

3DS在公路选线中的应用

基于3DS的公路选线分析系统．将GIS、遥感等技术引入公路建设工程的可行性分析中．充分发挥其数据可视化、空间分析等功能，从三维的角度和环境因素综合分析后做出公路选线的方案，有效地解决传统方法中的不足．加强分析过程的科学性，提高分析结果的准确性，缩短工作周期，大大提高工作效率。     

High-frequency multi-solute calibration using an in situ UV–visible sensor

Monitoring the temporal variation of solute concentrations in streams at high temporal frequency can play an important role in understanding the hydrological and biogeochemical behaviour of catchments. UV–visible spectrometry is a relatively inexpensive and easily used tool to infer those concentrations in streams at high temporal resolution. However, it is not yet clear which solutes can be modelled with such an in-situ sensor. Here, we installed a UV–visible spectrometer probe (200–750 nm) in a high-altitude tropical Páramo stream to record the wavelength absorbance at a 5-min temporal resolution. For calibration, we simultaneously sampled stream water at a 4-h frequency from February 2018 to March 2019 for subsequent laboratory analysis. Absorbance spectra and laboratory-determined solute concentrations were used to identify the best calibration method and to determine which solute concentrations can be effectively inferred using in situ spectrometry through the evaluation of six calibration methods of different mathematical complexity. Based on the Nash – Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Akaike information criterion metrics, our results suggest that multivariate methods always outperformed simpler strategies to infer solute concentrations. Eleven out of 21 studied solutes (Al, DOC, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, N, Na, Rb, Si and Sr) were successfully calibrated (NSE >0.50) and could be inferred using UV–visible spectrometry even with a reduced daily sampling frequency. It is worth noting that most calibrated solutes were correlated with wavelengths (WLs) in the low range of the spectra (i.e., UV range) and showed relatively good correlation with DOC. The latter suggests that estimation of metal concentrations could be possible in other streams with a high organic load (e.g., peat dominated catchments). In situ operation of spectrometers to monitor water quality parameters at high temporal frequency (sub-hourly) can enhance the protection of human water supplies and aquatic ecosystems as well as providing information for assessing catchment hydrological functioning.     

氢气还原处理对天然金红石可见光吸收的影响机制

天然半导体矿物金红石因结构中含有类质同象替代杂质元素V和Fe,具有一定的可见光吸收和光催化活性。为改善金红石的日光光催化性能,在H2还原气氛下,对天然金红石粉末进行500～900℃不同温度的热处理改性研究。紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-Vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra）表明H2还原处理显著改善了金红石在可见光区460～750 nm波段的光吸收,其中900℃处理样品的光吸收提升最为明显。电子顺磁共振（EPR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）测试表明,随着还原温度升高,杂质元素V和Fe从高价态（V5＋,Fe3＋）向较低的价态（V4＋,V3＋,Fe2＋）转化,同时金红石表面的化学吸附水含量也有所增加。本文认为H2还原热处理引起的过渡金属元素价态的改变,尤其是较低氧化态V离子（V4＋和V3＋）的形成,可能是导致金红石样品可见光吸收显著增加的主要原因。     

A Comparison Between Near-Infrared And Visible Imaging Of The Inner Coma Of Comet Hale-Bopp At Perihelion

We present a comparison between images of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) obtained from 12 March to 9 May 1997, with two telescopes of the Observatorio del Teide (IAC, Tenerife, Spain) in visible (Johnson-V filter) and three near-infrared narrowband filters (Brγ (2.166 μm), CO (2.295 μm), and K_con (2.260 μm)). No significant differences are observed between the images in the three near-infrared bands suggesting that any CO emission is very weak, or produced by an extended flat source. We do not find evidence for the existence of an additional infrared component due to emission by warm dust, or to dust grains of diverse composition and/or size. Visible and infrared images of the same rotational phase look almost identical, supporting the view that the observed jets and shells are mainly dust structures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

月球目标监测风云二号静止气象卫星可见光辐射响应变化

月球的光度具有纪年级的稳定性,其辐照度可作为可见—近红外光谱辐射基准,基于此的月球辐射定标方法有望成为辐射定标的新方法之一。本文介绍一种利用月球目标作为稳定辐射定标源,结合月球辐照度模型,跟踪风云二号静止气象卫星遥感仪器可见光通道辐射响应变化的方法。通过轨道预报遴选出风云二号E星(FY-2E)的扫描辐射计2010年1月—2014年10月的对月观测数据,经过月球图像提取和筛选、月球照度模型计算、卫星观测月球照度模型计算、星—月—日距离校正等环节处理后,获取了FY-2E扫描辐射计可见光通道的辐射响应变化,并且与深对流云辐射定标方法进行了对比验证。主要结果:(1)利用月球辐射作为基准可有效监测遥感仪器可见光通道的辐射响应变化情况,通过线性回归分析发现FY-2E可见光通道的辐射响应总衰减率是9.2%,年衰减率为1.96%,95%置信区间的不确定度和稳定性指标分别为±0.79%和2.66,其结果与基于深对流云目标监测的仪器辐射响应结果相近;(2)FY-2E可见光通道较低的量化等级(6 bit)、杂散光影响等因素对利用月球进行辐射响应定标和跟踪监测有一定的影响;(3)FY-2E辐射响应除了衰减趋势,还存在周期性震荡的特点。基于月球目标的辐射定标方法能够有效监测卫星的辐射响应衰减,可作为星载遥感仪器辐射响应定标和检验的一种可靠手段,特别是针对卫星全生命周期的历史数据再定标,从而提高辐射定标精度。     

基于低空无人机搭载可见光近红外传感器的太湖蓝藻监测

传统卫星遥感手段因受其访问周期的限制,较难在时间频率上保证数据的及时性。低空无人机搭载轻小型传感器,以其机动、快速、经济等优势,在环境监测等领域日益发挥重要作用。面向太湖蓝藻监测需求,探索了一种基于低空无人机搭载可见光近红外传感器的监测方法。在系统规划和平台设计的基础上,选取太湖梅梁湖湖区进行试验。依据前人经验,采用可见光和近红外波段及其组合方式提取蓝藻信息,并与试验数据验证。该方法可为蓝藻灾害的防灾、减灾、救灾等提供辅助手段和决策支持。