论海相页岩气富集机理——以四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组为例

深入探究页岩气富集机理是保障勘探开发高效推进的基础。本研究通过对四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践的系统分析,梳理总结前人研究成果,从生成机理、运移机理、赋存机理和保存机理四个方面对海相页岩气富集机理进行了深入分析,并讨论了深层和常压页岩气的勘探开发潜力。结果表明：在生成机理方面,埋藏史和热演化史控制了页岩生排烃史、生排烃量和现今含气量;页岩气运移机理涉及运移动力、运移相态、运移方式和运移通道四方面内容,页岩气运移主要是烃源岩内的初次运移,同时讨论了初次运移的影响因素;在赋存机理方面,甲烷—页岩间表现出单/多分子层吸附和微孔充填等多种赋存机制,组分润湿性和孔隙有效性是决定甲烷吸附赋存和解吸运移的关键;在保存机理方面,盖层和物性自封闭是主要的保存机理,构造运动引起的裂缝—流体活动是页岩气保存条件遭到破坏的主要原因,流体活动时间和期次研究是页岩气保存条件和含气量定量评价的重要内容。页岩气富集机理的系统分析和创新认识为页岩气勘探开发评价提供了重要依据,建议加强页岩气演化历史全过程的动态评价。结合深层和常压页岩气勘探实践,分析了深层和常压页岩气的成因机制及主要特征,指出了下一步攻关内容及勘探方向。     

基于SAR干涉点目标分析技术的城市地表形变监测

通过深入研究干涉点目标的相位模型,提出基于空间搜索的邻近点目标干涉相位差解缠方法,用以计算点目标的地形残差和线性形变,以及分离点目标大气延迟相位和非线性形变相位的时空域滤波方法,解决干涉点目标分析中的关键问题.最后,以苏州地区地表沉降监测为应用试验,利用形成的SAR干涉点目标形变信息提取技术,获取苏州市区1992-2002年间的地表沉降信息.研究结果与已有文献记录保持比较好的一致性,证明SAR干涉点目标技术完全可以发展成为应用于城市地表形变监测的实用化技术.

Abstract：

Interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) is one of the latest developments in radar interferometric processing. It is achieved by analysis of the interferometric phases of some individual point targets, which are discrete and present temporarily stable backscattering characteristics, in long temporal series of interferometric SAR images. This paper analyzes the interferometric phase model of point targets, and then addresses two key issues within IPTA process. Firstly, a spatial searching method is proposed to unwrap the interferometric phase difference between two neighboring point targets. The height residual error and linear deformation rate of each point target can then be calculated, when a global reference point with known height correction and deformation history is chosen. Secondly, a spatial-temporal filtering scheme is proposed to further separate the atmosphere phase and nonlinear deformation phase from the residual interferometric phase. Finally, an experiment of the developed IPTA methodology is conducted over Suzhou urban area. Totally 38 ERS-1/2 SAR scenes are analyzed, and the deformation information over 3 546 point targets in the time span of 1992-2002 are generated. The IPTA-derivecl deformation shows very good agreement with the published result, which demonstrates that the IPTA technique can be developed into an operational tool to map the ground subsidence over urban area.     

深海系泊法向承力锚模型实验系统

法向承力锚是一种新型的拖曳嵌入式系泊基础.这种锚的工程应用仅有10 a时间.国内在此项技术上尚属空白.通过实验系统的设计,介绍了针对这种新型拖曳锚展开模型实验研究的实验平台.利用一些新型传感器和巧妙的机件设计,不仅实现了实验量测方法的创新,而且达到了经济实用的目的.实验结果也验证了整个系统设计的可靠性.     

Nonlinear dynamo effects for an inhomogeneously turbulent rotating fluid

Im Rahmen der Magnetohydrodynamik der mittleren Felder werden die turbulenzbedingte elektromotorische Kraft und der turbulenzbedingte Spannungstensor für eine leitende Flüssigkeit mit inhomogener Turbulenz auf einem rotierenden Körper berechnet. Dabei wird der Einflu$sZ des Magnetfeldes auf der Turbulenz berücksichtigt. So erscheinen nichtlineare Effekte bei den Vorgängen, die für das Vorhandensein von Magnetfeld und differentieller Rotation verantwortlich sind; die dafür ma$sZgebenden Koeffizienten sind Funktionen des Magnetfeldes. Die Nichtlinearitäten werden bis zur zweiten Ordnung im mittleren Magnetfeld (d. h. als schwache Nichtlinearitäten) erfa$sZt. Der $aL-Effekt beim $aL$OM-Dynamo erleidet sowohl bei langsamer als auch bei rascher Rotation eine Schwächung durch das Magnetfeld. Es werden einige astrophysikalische Anwendungen der Ergebnisse erörtert. Insbesondere wird auf die Möglichkeit hingewiesen, da$sZ die bei der Sonne beobachteten Torsionsschwingungen als Folge des im Aktivitätszyklus schwankenden magnetischen Einflusses auf den für die differentielle Rotation ma$sZgebenden A-Effekt erscheinen.     

影响地下应力状态的构造作用

成岩成矿的外部条件中压力是很重要的因素。地下岩石所受的压力不仅来自上覆岩石的重力，而且来自构造力和热力及其它力。这些力合成一个三轴不等的应力状态，相当一个以最短轴为半径的球状应力迭加一个差应力。前者影响成岩成矿和变质作用，后者控制岩石变形和组构的变化。通过三维应变应力测量，这两部分力通过计算是可以区分开的，因而这将是建立地下深度测算新方法的一个基础。     

Diel and seasonal variability in the fish community structure of a mud‐bottom estuarine habitat in the Gulf of Mexico

We hypothesized that temporal variation in fish species composition and community structure in a low complexity habitat in the Pueblo Viejo Lagoon, Mexico, is influenced by diel light/dark cycles and tidal stage, and by seasonal changes in salinity and temperature. We collected a total of 17,661 individuals during 2‐h interval sampling over six bi‐monthly 24‐h sampling cycles representing 53 species, of which 11 (～20%) were previously unknown in the system. Diel variation indicated that significantly higher numbers of individuals and species were caught at night, whereas diversity and evenness were higher during the day. Species richness was significantly higher in July and January, whereas diversity and evenness peaked around May; both were correlated with temperature. Diel variation in species composition was influenced primarily by the light/dark cycle. Cluster analyses of each diel cycle separated fish assemblages from midday samples from those of nocturnal samples, separated by an extended wide transition period as fish moved at dawn and during the late afternoon/dusk. Significant shifts (as determined by MANOVA) in assemblage structure occurred between months. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature and day/night effects were the most important environmental variables structuring the fish community. This constrained ordination also defined species with specific habitat preferences as follows: (i) diurnal, warm temperature species (mainly planktivores) (Brevoortia gunteri, Cetengraulis edentulus, Diapterus auratus, and Membras martinica); (ii) nocturnal, warm temperature species (mainly predators) (Citharichthys spilopterus, Cathorops melanopus, and Bairdiella spp.); and (iii) low temperature, diurnal species (Brevoortia patronus and Mugil curema) or those with twilight and nocturnal distributions (Anchoa mitchilli, the most numerically abundant species). Our results indicate that diel and seasonal changes in fish community structure were mainly related to day/night cycles and temperature regimes.     

微扰Kepler系统轨道微分方程的近似Lie对称性与近似不变量

把极角θ视为独立变量,得到Kepler系统的轨道微分方程. 首先讨论Kepler系统轨道微分方程的Lie对称性和不变量,微扰Kepler系统轨道微分方程的精确Lie对称性和精确不变量,其次讨论微扰Kepler系统轨道微分方程的近似Lie对称性和近似不变量,并得到了微扰Kepler系统的9个一阶近似Lie对称性和6个一阶近似不变量,其中1个实为精确不变量,而其余5个分别等于微扰系数ε乘以Kepler系统相应的5个不变量.     

雨滴谱数据在S波段双偏振天气雷达数据质量评估中的应用

结合T-Matrix方法和雨滴谱仪数据反演双偏振参量,设计了一种雨滴谱反演评估方法(雨滴谱法),利用其反演结果可对双偏振天气雷达数据进行评估。将此方法应用于不同类型降水过程的雷达偏振参量数据质量评估,结果表明:满足微雨条件时,雨滴谱法与传统的微雨滴法均能有效监测由雷达系统误差导致的观测偏差,且评估结果十分接近;不满足微雨条件时,雨滴谱法评估的不同类型降水过程的雷达数据质量与满足微雨条件下的评估结果十分接近,客观证明了系统调整后雷达运行良好、数据质量稳定;不同雨强(R)情况下,雨滴谱法的评估结果具有一致性。10 mm·h^-1≤R<20 mm·h^-1时,雷达观测的数据质量最为稳定。该雨滴谱法适用范围广,可动态评估双偏振雷达偏振参量质量,有助于雷达调整和数据校正。     

SBAS星历改正数及UDRE参数生成算法分析

星基增强系统(satellite based augmentation system,SBAS)通过地球同步轨道卫星实时播发导航卫星星历改正数和完好性参数,以提升用户定位精度和完好性.采用最小方差法解算GPS星历改正数,利用卡方统计进行改正数完好性检核,并依据星历改正数方差-协方差信息计算SBAS用户差分距离误差(us...     

A survey of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations

The development of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations has intensified over the past decade. The earliest methods were usually heuristic adaptations of deterministic methods, but were found to have limited accuracy regardless of the order of the original scheme. A stochastic counterpart of the Taylor formula now provides a framework for the systematic investigation of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations. It suggests numerical schemes, which involve multiple stochastic integrals, of higher order of convergence. We shall survey the literature on these and on the earlier schemes in this paper. Our discussion will focus on diffusion processes, but we shall also indicate the extensions needed to handle processes with jump components. In particular, we shall classify the schemes according to strong or weak convergence criteria, depending on whether the approximation of the sample paths or of the probability distribution is of main interest.