油气差异泵吸作用机理探讨——以泌阳凹陷为例

通过对泌阳凹陷油气成藏过程的系统研究,发现在差异抬升过程中,深凹源岩区抬升幅度小,凹陷四周圈闭发育区抬升幅度大,差异抬升运动导致源岩和圈闭之间的势能差急剧增大,从而促使油气大规模沿砂体向圈闭充注,这一过程类似于水泵抽水的过程,据此,文中提出了油气泵吸作用和油气差异泵吸作用的概念及机理,并以泌阳凹陷为例讨论了油气差异泵吸作用的形成条件、主要影响因素及油气差异泵吸作用对油气差异分布的控制作用。研究表明:影响油气差异泵吸作用的因素主要有势能梯度、通道质量和泵源配置及油气运移距离;泌阳凹陷油气分布总体上受成藏运聚系统的控制,在各运聚系统内油气分布受油气差异泵吸作用的控制,其中势能梯度、泵源配置及油气运移距离是影响油气差异分布的主要因素,而在每一个大泵(复合泵)内部,通道质量差异是影响油气差异分布的主要因素。     

Early Miocene rotational process in the eastern part of south-west Japan inferred from paleomagnetic studies

Abstract This paper provides untilted paleomagnetic data obtained from the early Miocene strata around the Kanazawa‐Iozen area, in the eastern part of south‐west Japan. A thick pile of volcaniclastics and marine transgressive sediments underlie the area; they were deposited in the early stage of the Japan Sea opening event. Progressive thermal demagnetization tests isolated stable primary magnetic vectors from eight sites in the upper part of the Iozen Formation. Overall, the tilt‐corrected mean direction of this unit is D = 36.4°, I = 51.6° and α₉₅ = 12.1. Together with a published paleomagnetic and chronological database, the present results suggest that clockwise rotation of south‐west Japan, linked to the back‐arc opening, commenced in the early Miocene and accelerated at the same time as rapid subsidence along the Japan Sea coast. Post‐opening, differential rotation within the eastern part of south‐west Japan is assumed, based on selected paleomagnetic data from the latest Early Miocene.     

Formation of Concentric Rings Around Sources

Zones of increased concentration formed by a solvent flowing from a source are considered. A matehmatical model for forming such zones is proposed. It takes into account that such a zone is composed of a set of independent particles. Hence the distribution of a substance around the source can be explained by movement of an individual particle. In the model this movement is a continuous semi-Markov process with terminal stopping at some random point in space. Parameters of the process depend on the velocity field of the flow. Forward and backward partial differential equations for the distribution density of a random stopping point of the process are derived. The forward equation is investigated for the centrally symmetric case. Solutions of the equation demonstrate either a maximum or a local minimum at the source location. In the latter case a concentric ring around the source is formed. If different substances vary in their absorption rates, they can form separable concentration zones as a family of concentric rings.     

软粘土层上的油罐差异沉降

根据某一大型油罐软基加固处理工程方案设计和优选需要,按照离心模型相似律,开展了三组模型试验,分别模拟了天然地基、土工合成材料袋装碎石垫层和既在填土层中设置袋装碎石垫层又在淤泥质粘土层设置土工合成材料排水板三种情况,以研究这一加固布置形式对减小高压缩性软土层地基上油罐罐底的差异沉降效果反应。模型油罐地基采用原型土重塑制备,现场土工合成材料袋装碎石采用柔性机织玻璃纤维细管塞装粗砂条模拟,并在不停机运转条件下模拟了多次充放水预压加载。试验结果表明,油罐软弱地基经土工合成材料袋装碎石加固后,罐底总沉降值和差异沉降值均明显小于天然地基情形下对应的沉降值,罐底畸变得到显著减小,就本文所述的土质条件、土层厚度和预压荷载强度,地基经加固处理后,油罐罐底畸变减小了近50 %。最后就土工合成材料在加固油罐地基布置形式的合理性进行了初步探讨。     

全国公路网差分GPS数据采集软件的设计

介绍了全国公路网差分GPS数据采集软件主要模块中的算法和流程 ,包括差分GPS定位算法、载波相位平滑算法、地物属性纪录、计算机时间与GPS接收机时间的同步、地物匹配及偏心改正算法等。     

GPS载波相位三差观测方程的改化

本文根据相关测量平差原理推导出改化ＧＰＳ载波相位三差观测方程的算法，使改化后的协因数呈分块对角体。这种改化算法不但顾及观测值的相关性，而且节省大量的存储单元。使采用严密平差法平差三差观测值成为一种最简单的数据处理方法之一。     

上海地区第⑥层暗绿色硬土层成困的探讨

以内环线工程地质勘察剖面所揭示的宏观及微观变化为主要依据,采用岩相旋迥分析法分析第⑥层 暗绿色硬土层的成因,提出了是地壳的不均匀沉降造成第⑥层埋深起伏的新观点。     

地幔对流中的科里奥利力

马宗晋认为，岩石圈的西向漂移和地幔东向运动的定向性显示了地球自转变化的导向作用［１］。本文证明，地球自转中的一种惯性力──科里奥利力是产生地球各圈层差异旋转的原因。     

地下水稳定运动基本微分方程的三维解法──地下水向承压完整井的运动

以映射和叠加原理为基础，探讨了均质、等厚承压含水层中地下水向完整井作三维运动时，地下水稳定运动基本微分方程的求解方法，并与裘布衣公式作了对比。由于求解时考虑了地下水流速的水平、垂直分量，故所得结果较裘布衣公式更为准确与合理。     

热幔柱的启动动力

科氏力是地球各圈层差异旋转的原因。在重力分异过程中，随着地球质量不断向地心集中，地球自转动能也不断向地核集中，从而产生圈层分化和差异旋转。