石榴石的塑性变形及差异应力计算

岩石在形成时和形成后所经历的任何热力学事件都应在其内部留下痕迹,如何寻找和发现这些遗迹是地质学界长期关注和亟待解决的问题。笔者认为,电子显微技术(TEM)是解决这一问题的最有效、最直观的方法之一。最近几年,大量的TEM研究结果证实,各类变质岩中的石榴石均发生不同程度的塑性变形。深入研究其变形程度和变形特征,对于揭示岩石所经历的变质变形历史具有重要的意义,特别是通过观测位错密度,可定性推算岩石曾经历的古差异应力,为拟定区域构造演化模式提供佐证。     

右江盆地流体运移过程中成矿与成藏作用

右江盆地裂陷期和坳陷早期的沉积物提供研究区金矿与古油藏的物质与流体.成矿物质与烃类在盆地流体中沿以二叠纪生物礁为核心的断层、浊积岩及不整合面组成的三维输导体系向盆地边缘及二叠纪生物礁的核部运移.由于烃类物质与盐水体系密度的差异,使烃类物质与成矿物质差异聚集于不同的圈闭中形成流体藏.流体矿藏的破坏是导致成矿物质沉淀形成矿床的直接原因.构造活动、风化剥蚀及流体压裂均可导致流体矿藏破坏,其中燕山构造运动是该区流体藏破坏的主要原因,因而亦是该区金矿成矿作用的主要构造营力.本文从盆地流体运移、演化的角度证明,该区古油藏是盆地裂陷与坳陷阶段流体聚集的产物,而矿床则是盆地挤压抬升阶段流体藏破坏、流体散失的结果.研究成果表明,金矿与油气是同一盆地流体在其不同演化阶段的产物,这对在盆地中寻找相同类型的金属矿产意义重大.     

非线性中立型时滞微分方程解的振动性

本文研究几类非线性中立型时滞微分方程解的振动性质 ,利用 Riccati不等式和某个不等式得到了保证方程振动的充分条件     

激光实时干涉计量技术和雷达差分干涉技术测量形变的对比研究及其意义

分别叙述了激光干涉技术和雷达差分干涉技术的原理及应用. 采用激光实时干涉计量技术实验室观测试样在加压过程中的形变,研究不同破裂孕育区所表现的不同应变异常场特征. 采用雷达差分干涉技术可以测量地形及地表形变,并且有西藏玛尼、张北——尚义等地震前后的形变测量结果. 指出激光实时干涉计量技术与雷达差分干涉技术相似,都是以条纹变化图研究形变异常场特征. 因此, 对雷达差分干涉技术测量的孕震过程中的形变场,特别是临近大震发生前的形变场特征进行观测和以激光干涉技术进行实验及对比研究均将很有意义.      

运用RS、GPS和GIS技术进行大比例尺土地利用动态监测的实验研究

土地利用数据的更新是土地管理工作的重要内容之一。依靠常规的手段不仅更新速度慢、难以主动发现变化区域,而且成图周期长、误差大。依靠遥感（RS）手段可以主动快速地发现变化区域,运用差分GPS技术可以精确获取土地利用变化的数量和性质,GIS则是管理土地利用的图形数据和属性数据（如土地利用类型、权属、图斑号等）的有效工具。基于RS、GIS和GPS的集成技术建立面向工程目标的土地利用动态监测新方法是本文研究的内容。     

Differential transgression of rift basin and characteristic response of sedimentary system within sequence framework: An example from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Baxian sag,Bohai Bay Basin

Multi-stage differential transgression controls sequence architecture and its sedimentary type and distribution during the tectonic evolution of lacustrine rift basin. Combined with the seismic data of the Baxian sag as well as drilling,logging,core and paleontological materials from 800 exploration wells,the study targeted the Members 1 and 3 of the Shahejie Formation to analyze sequence architecture and sedimentological difference within the sequence framework during the differential lake transgression,based on the investigation of the Paleogene lake basin evolution. The results showed that the fault slope-break slope architecture was well developed with back-stepping deltas and fan deltas during the slow lake transgression of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation,in which forms thick high quality source rocks. The flexural-gentle slope architecture was well developed with mixed beach bar and small scale nearshore subaqueous fans(fan deltas)during the rapid transgression of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation. The differential subsidence controlled the sequence architecture,paleogeomorphology and provenance supply,regulating the spatial lithological distribution. And there are significant differences in sequence architecture and sedimentary system during the different evolution stages of the lake basin. On this basis,the response model of sedimentary system characteristics under differential lacustrine transgression is established,which can be used for reference for oil and gas exploration,especially for lithologic oil and gas reservoir in the same type of basin.     

西太平洋副热带高压影响下北京区域性暴雨的个例分析

北京地区大降水(≥25 mm/d)天气有72%出现在7~8月份,其中直接受西太平洋副热带高压(副高)影响的大降水占46%,它们主要产生在西风槽与副高相互作用的天气形势下。通过对该类暴雨的典型个例分析表明,由于受副高的影响,对流层低层副高南面的偏东气流将海上充沛的水汽输送到大陆,并折向北与偏北气流相遇,汇集在北京附近。同时,副高西北边缘与西风槽之间形成较强的能量锋区,该锋区南面的高温高湿气团蕴藏了较深厚的湿有效位能,在湿位涡的斜压项作用下转化为动能,倾斜垂直涡度发展激发了强烈的上升运动。在斜压扰动作用下,对流层中层差动涡度平流和副高西侧的暖平流破坏了北京及邻近区域的准地转平衡,动力强迫和热力强迫共同作用激发了次级环流,该处的上升运动得到加强。暴雨就是产生在强的能量锋附近低层气旋性涡度发展、高层辐散显著的地方。此外,副高西侧低层的暖湿气流北上,较强的差动假相当位温平流促使大气层结向对流不稳定发展,这对于暴雨局地的再增强是不可忽视的因素。由此,形成对该类暴雨天气预报的着眼点。     

Development of the instantaneous unit hydrograph using stochastic differential equations

Recognizing that simple watershed conceptual models such as the Nash cascade ofn equal linear reservoirs continue to be reasonable means to approximate the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH), it is natural to accept that random errors generated by climatological variability of data used in fitting an imprecise conceptual model will produce an IUH which is random itself. It is desirable to define the random properties of the IUH in a watershed in order to have a more realistic hydrologic application of this important function. Since in this case the IUH results from a series of differential equations where one or more of the uncertain parameters is treated in stochastic terms, then the statistical properties of the IUH are best described by the solution of the corresponding Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE's). This article attempts to present a methodology to derive the IUH in a small watershed by combining a classical conceptual model with the theory of SDE's. The procedure is illustrated with the application to the Middle Thames River, Ontario, Canada, and the model is verified by the comparison of the simulated statistical measures of the IUH with the corresponding observed ones with good agreement.     

结合双树复小波变换的四阶偏微分影像去噪方法

针对低阶偏微分方程去噪模型通常会使图像的灰度趋于分段常量而产生阶梯效应的问题,结合小波多尺度分解在图像处理中的应用,提出一种结合双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)的四阶偏微分方程(PDE)影像去噪模型。首先采用DT-CWT对噪声影像进行多尺度分解,保留分解后的低频分量不变,其他层复高频分量采用四阶PDE去噪模型去噪,然后重构相应层的高、低频分量,得到最终去噪后影像。对不同噪声强度下的ZY-3卫星影像去噪实验的结果表明,采用本文方法去除遥感影像噪声相比现有方法得到的去噪结果信噪比平均提高了1~2 d B,提高了去噪影像的结构相似度,在有效去除影像高斯噪声的同时能够较好地保留图像细节信息。     

反演地层电阻率的单调同伦法

本文从电法测井的数学模型出发,给出了一种反演地层参数的单调同伦法,把非线性方程组的求解转化成常微分方程初值问题的数值求解,从而给出一种大范围收敛的反演方法.最后的数值结果表明,本文给出的算法是十分有效的.