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81.
Vegetation change and surface elevation dynamics in estuarine wetlands of southeast Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Vertical accretion and surface elevation trends were studied in mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands in southeast Australia. A total of 69 surface elevation tables, each associated with three feldspar marker horizons, was deployed in 10 wetlands across 7 estuaries, and monitored for three years. Saltmarsh and mangrove vegetation distributions were mapped for the same estuaries, and elevation characteristics of the wetlands were modelled. Rates of vertical accretion were found to correlate with tidal range. No relationship was found between rates of vertical accretion and surface elevation increase. A positive relationship was demonstrated between contemporary rates of saltmarsh surface elevation change and longer-term rates of mangrove encroachment into saltmarsh. We conclude that landward mangrove encroachment may be facilitated by local factors contributing to saltmarsh compaction during drought conditions. 相似文献
82.
Joo Serdio Helena Coelho Snia Vieira Snia Cruz 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):547
The migratory response of intertidal microphytobenthos to changes in irradiance was studied on undisturbed estuarine sediments. Two non-destructive optical techniques were used to trace variations in vivo of surface biomass: PAM fluorometry, for measuring the minimum fluorescence level (Fo); and spectral reflectance analysis, for quantifying the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Following the formation of a dense biofilm at the surface, replicated sediment samples were simultaneously exposed to six different irradiance levels, ranging from 50 to 1500 μmol m−2 s−1, during a period of 120 min. The migratory photoresponse of the biofilms was characterised by constructing biomass vs. light curves (BLC), relating the accumulation of microalgal biomass after that period (estimated by Fo or NDVI) to the irradiance level incident on the surface. BLCs allow characterising the main features of the migratory photoresponse of intact biofilms. Typical BLC showed a clear biphasic pattern, with an increase in microalgal accumulation under irradiances below 100 μmol m−2 s−1, maximum values under 100–250 μmol m−2 s−1, and a gradual decrease of surface biomass under higher irradiances, indicating a strong photophobic downward migratory response. Similar BLC patterns were obtained when measuring Fo or NDVI. The construction of BLCs for biofilms from intertidal sites with distinctive sediment characteristics and diatom taxonomic composition allowed to detected significant differences in the migratory photoresponse. Biofilms from a muddy sediment exhibited considerably larger amplitude in the migratory photoresponse than the biofilms from a sandy mud site, especially under high irradiances. The photophobic migratory response to high light was found to vary among diatom species, particularly in the case of the biofilms from the muddy sediments. 相似文献
83.
1 Introduction A vertical wall is one of the typical maritime sheltering structures in the coastal region, which is mainly subjected to wave forces. It has been a com- mon engineering assumption adopted for design pur- poses that normally incident wave fo… 相似文献
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Taxonomic composition, size composition, standing stock, and chemical composition of mesozooplankton were determined to examine
the contribution of their fecal pellets to the vertical flux of organic carbon at the outside, the edge, and the center of
the warm core ring. The warm core ring significantly affects not only their taxonomic composition and size composition but
also their standing stock and chemical composition. The zooplankton at the center of the warm core ring was characterized
by the absence of carnivores at the top of the size-trophic relation and filter feeding planktonic tunicates at the bottom.
Zooplankton carbon biomass at the outside of the ring was one-third less than that at the center of the ring. The vertical
flux of fecal pellets obtained from the pellet volume (12.3 mgC m−2d−1) contributed 19 to 96% of the flux (13 to 64 mgC m−2 d−1) estimated from the body carbon and the fecal pellet production rate. The estimated flux of fecal pellets was 6 to 27% of
vertical carbon flux (236 mgC m−2d−1) determined by the sediment traps. Microscopic determination of fecal pellets and plankton in the sediment trap samples indicated
high grazing activity during the sinking process. Those observations might suggest that particles other than fecal pellets
contributed significantly to the vertical carbon flux and fecal pellets were settled directly without loss or being recycled
within the surface mixed layer. 相似文献
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88.
一次华北暴雨过程的数值模拟及水汽螺旋度和水汽涡度收支应用分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
运用WRF模式对2009年8月发生在华北地区的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,按照性质的不同对模拟降水进行了研究,还进行了湿度场试验,最后利用模式输出结果对水汽螺旋度和水汽涡度收支进行了诊断分析。结果表明,数值模式比较合理地再现了本次暴雨天气过程。显式降水在模拟的总降水量中占了很大的比重,但是在暴雨爆发初期,积云降水起了重要作用。对流层中层的水汽饱和程度对模拟降水性质及降水量大小有重要影响,显式降水一般发生在空气饱和程度较高的区域,而位势不稳定则是诱发积云降水的主要原因。对流层中低层水汽螺旋度的强度变化在一定程度上代表了降水系统的强弱变化,其高值区与强降水落区在出现的时间和空间上都存在较好的一致性。水汽涡度收支对于水汽涡度及水汽螺旋度的变化具有很好的指示意义,可以作为预报降水的一个动力指标。 相似文献
89.
通过改造格尔谢万诺夫打桩公式,提供了夯扩桩沉管控制贯入度计算表达式,在此 ,介绍了沉积控制贯入度在夯扩桩设计和施工中的用途,并举例验证。 相似文献
90.
基于西安地裂缝成因、基本特征和未来活动趋势分析,通过几何缩比为1:5的地裂缝活动模型试验和地裂缝活动对盾构隧道影响的数值模拟计算,研究了西安地铁2号线隧道正交穿越地裂缝带的设防参数。通过分析地裂缝年平均活动速率和历史最大活动量,确定了与地铁2号线相交的各条地裂缝的最大垂直位移量的预测值和设计建议值。模型试验和数值模拟结果表明,正交条件下地铁隧道在地裂缝活动地段的设防宽度为60 m,即上盘为35 m,下盘为25 m;沿隧道纵向地裂缝两侧地层变形规律呈现台阶状突变变形,隧道纵向设计可将上盘视为整体下降来考虑;地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带必须分段设缝以适应地裂缝的变形,其分段长度在地裂缝主影响区按10 m进行设防,在一般影响区可按10~15 m进行分段设防。研究结果可为地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的结构设计提供参考。 相似文献