FD-600全液压动力头反循环连续取样钻机研制与应用

文章结合国内外CSR取心技术的现状和所生产钻机的特点,为满足国内对空气反循环连续取样（心）、冲击回转、定向钻进等多种高效钻探工艺对钻机的需要,从钻机整体结构设计、整体布局进行详细考量,采用质量可靠的液压件、动力机等外购件,摒弃传统钻机设计周期长、动力小、机械化程度低、对地形和钻探工艺适应性低等特点,研制出了一台高效、可靠、机械化程度较高的FD-600型全液压动力头式反循环取样钻机。在3次野外生产试验中充分体现出了优越性,可满足砂金勘探、工程施工等取心钻探的要求。     

聚龙小镇DZK1地热勘查孔钻探施工技术

地热勘查孔（探采结合孔）是在矿山钻探施工工艺的基础上进行的探索性施工。着重介绍了福建省泉州市聚龙小镇DZK1地热勘查孔在钻探施工过程中遇到的施工难题以及新技术、新工艺的应用。如大口径单管取心、空压机洗井和活塞洗井相结合的洗井方法、套管的隔级使用、深孔测试钻杆密闭性、深孔磨钻头、在涌水量大的地层钻进等。     

PM2.5降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响

将不同浓度PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,利用MTT法检测其存活率,W-G染色观察细胞形态,荧光探针法检测细胞ROS和MMP相对水平,以探讨PM_(2.5)降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响及作用机制。结果显示,经12. 5μg/m L的PM_(2.5)降尘作用A549细胞3 h后,细胞存活率为(81. 77±6. 15)%,并随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势。PM_(2.5)染毒后可观察到细胞形态不规则,胞膜溶解破坏,细胞微核出现。PM_(2.5)降尘作用于细胞24 h后,胞内ROS相对含量随暴露浓度增加呈递增趋势,细胞MMP相对水平随染毒浓度增加而降低,且胞内ROS和MMP两者间存在显著相关关系(R2=0. 878)。提示PM_(2.5)降尘处理A549细胞后可通过刺激ROS的产生,诱导细胞MMP下降,造成细胞线粒体氧化损伤。     

Automated Extraction of a Five‐Year LA‐ICP‐MS Trace Element Data Set of Ten Common Glass and Carbonate Reference Materials: Long‐Term Data Quality,Optimisation and Laser Cell Homogeneity

LA‐ICP‐MS is increasingly applied to obtain quantitative multi‐element data with minimal sample preparation, usually achieved by calibration using reference materials (RMs). However, some ubiquitous RMs, for example the NIST SRM 61× series glasses, suffer from reported value uncertainties for certain elements. Moreover, no long‐term data set of analyses conducted over a range of ablation and tuning conditions exists. Thus, there has been little rigorous examination of the extent to which offsets between measured and reported values are the result of error in these values rather than analytically induced fractionation. We present new software (‘LA‐MINE’), capable of extracting LA‐ICP‐MS data with no user input, and apply this to our system, yielding over 5 years of data (~ 5700 analyses of ten glass and carbonate RMs). We examine the relative importance of systematic analytical bias and possible error in reported values through a mass‐specific breakdown of fourteen of the most commonly determined elements. Furthermore, these data, obtained under a wide range of different ablation conditions, enable specific recommendations of how data quality may be improved, for example the role of diatomic gas, the effect of differential inter‐glass fractionation factors and choice of transport tubing material. Finally, these data demonstrate that the two‐volume Laurin ablation cell is characterised by no discernible spatial heterogeneity in measured trace element ratios.     

Objective Analysis on Large-scale Circulation Type and Its Links to Precipitation over China

Atmospheric circulation anomaly is a direct cause of weather and climate change. In the past, most researches for the relationship between Weather Type (WT) and precipitation have mainly focused on the subjective classification and diagnosis. Compared to the subjective analysis, objective classification uses more consistent index and standard unification, thus, we can get more WTs, and it has been widely used in many areas. By using daily 12UTC Sea Level Pressure (SLP), Precipitable Water (PW), and 700 hPa wind speed (UV700) data from ECMWF’s Interim Reanalysis, the classification of WTs over China was performed with the method of obliquely rotated T-mode principle component analysis. WT and its link to precipitation over China were further analyzed. The results show that the influence of different WTs on precipitation is not uniform over China, and also show distinctly difference in different seasons. A common feature is that WTs great impact on the regions and months with large precipitation, while less impact on regions and months have with less precipitation. In addition, precipitation trends originating from WT intensity changes are much more deterministic, significant, and predictable than trends from WT frequency changes.     

内蒙古翁公敖包航磁异常的推断与解释

文章对内蒙古四子王旗—土默特右旗中北部近年发现的翁公敖包航磁异常进行推断与解释,在对找矿有望的航磁异常进行筛选后,对翁公敖包航磁异常进行了野外地质-地球物理查证,确定异常为铁矿所致;采用向上延拓、垂向导数、斜导数及小波变换等方法对航磁异常进行数据转换处理,以获取铁矿体的横向及纵向分布信息,取得了较好的效果。     

Comparison of two types of persistent heavy rainfall events during sixteen warm seasons in the Sichuan Basin

本文筛选出四川盆地西部(盆西型)和盆地东部(盆东型)持续性暴雨个例,深入对比两类持续性暴雨的大气环流特征和直接造成持续性暴雨的西南低涡维持的机理.四川盆地的短波槽和西太平洋副热带高压的配置有利于持续性暴雨的维持,盆东型的降水强度较盆西型个例强,高空急流位置偏南,南亚高压的强度更强,高层辐散更强,对流层中层副热带高压偏东偏南.盆西型的水汽输送主要来自南海,而盆东型的水汽输送主要来自南海和孟加拉湾.合成涡度收支的结果表明散度项是两类持续暴雨中西南涡维持的主要原因,但盆西型中,垂直平流的作用更强.     

冰层空气反循环快速钻进方法及冰屑运移研究

空气反循环钻进技术具有钻速快、能耗低、可不提钻连续取心取样、能有效避免积雪层漏失等优点,在冰层钻探中极具应用潜力。本文针对冰层钻探技术特点,提出了双壁钻杆式、双通道高压胶管式和寄生高压胶管式等三种空气反循环冰层钻探技术,分别介绍了其工作原理及特点。基于气力输送和气体钻井基本理论,对冰屑颗粒气体介质中的悬浮速度进行了分析,建立了单颗粒冰屑悬浮、运移方程和冰屑颗粒群悬浮方程,并设计了冰屑悬浮实验台,对冰屑悬浮所需的风速进行了实验测试。理论计算值与实验实测值吻合较好,最大误差约10.91%,可用本文建立的冰屑运动方程来计算实际钻进时携带冰屑所需的风量,为后续在极地实施冰层空气反循环钻进技术提供了依据。     

利用地面LiDAR精细化测量活断层微地貌形态——以毛垭坝断裂禾尼处断层崖为例

受地壳内部持续运动和沉积、风化等自然动力及人类生产与生活活动影响,活断层微地貌形态往往比较复杂,传统测量方法较难快速、高效地获取大范围内精细化的活断层微地貌形态,激光雷达扫描技术的出现和发展为活断层微地貌的精细化与定量化研究提供了新的技术手段。以川西理塘毛垭坝盆地北缘的正断层崖为研究对象,利用地面LiDAR获取活断层微地貌高精度点云后,经过点云配准、滤波、重采样和三角构网处理后,建立了0.05 m分辨率的数字高程模型和真彩色三维模型,在此基础上分析了断层崖地貌特征,并获取了正断层错动两期最新地貌面的精确垂直位错量。研究结果表明,地面LiDAR技术是精细测量活断层微地貌形态和量化相关地貌特征参数的有效手段,提高了活断层微地貌形态测量的精度和认识水平。     

浙中一次多风暴类型强对流天气成因及多普勒雷达特征

利用常规资料、区域自动站加密资料、探空资料、GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6h的分析场数据和SB多普勒天气雷达资料对2018年5月18日发生在浙中地区的一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明:此次过程产生了脉冲风暴、中等到强多单体风暴和飑线这3种风暴类型,分别出现冰雹、大范围强降水和雷雨大风等强天气。3种风暴的雷达回波在回波形态、强度、垂直结构、平均径向速度、垂直累积液态水含量VIL等特征如下:①脉冲风暴呈块状,初始回波高度在6～9km,强回波所在高度在-10℃等温线附近,强回波值达60dBz以上,VIL值出现跃升且最大值在50kg·m-2以上,冰雹出现在反射率因子核和VIL值迅速下降之后;②中等到强多单体风暴呈带状,大降水效率和"列车效应"是发生大范围强降水的主要原因,雷雨大风天气则与反射率因子核迅速下降、MARC、低层强辐散区有关;③飑线呈弓形回波形态,移速快,引起了大范围的雷雨大风天气。此次过程影响系统多,天气复杂,存在较大预报难点,在短时临近预报技术研究上有重要借鉴意义。