SASW法在粉土液化判别中的应用

文章介绍了面波法(SASW法)的基本原理与测试方法,并将该方法用于判别黄河三角洲饱和粉土的液化势.通过标准贯入试验结果与瑞雷波法判别结果的对比,说明以剪切波速为土性指标的液化判别方法是一个很有前景的方法,但由于资料太少,建议继续收集液化调查资料,以发展出一个有充分根据的液化判别方法.     

基于结构水文地质学的采掘诱发高势能突水溃砂主动防控

在谷德振先生“水文地质结构”学术思想指引下,本文提出建立结构水文地质学的设想,论述了其基础理论框架。从方法论角度将矿山水害防控分为被动防控和主动防控两种方法。以结构水文地质学指导煤矿高势能突水溃砂防控,分析了被动防控可能产生突水溃砂灾害的机理; 提出了主动地质工程防控的原理,包括地质材料性质改造、结构隔水性能重构、赋存水动力环境改造、减轻采掘诱发覆岩破坏等具体方法。抛砖引玉,以期催生符合中国矿山防治水实践需要的创新理论和方法。     

利用地脉动台阵记录反演场地浅层Vs结构

比较了影响Love波相速度频散曲线的主要因素,通过虚拟反演,说明了利用Love波相速度反演浅层剪切波速度结构的可行性,以地脉动台阵3分量观测记录提取的Love波相速度频散曲线为目标函数,利用遗传算法与单纯形法混合算法,分两种情况反演了某实际工程场地的浅层剪切波速度结构。结果表明,利用从地脉动台阵3分量观测资料中提取的Love波相速度反演工程场地浅层的剪切波速度Vs结构是一种很有前景的技术方法。     

基于共中心点道集约束的探地雷达波阻抗反演

探地雷达（GPR）波阻抗反演是一种准确获取地下介质本征参数的有效方法,该方法依赖于测井资料提供的低频信息,而在GPR实际应用中,钻孔资料很少。为此,提出利用共中心点（CMP）速度分析为波阻抗反演提供大尺度纵向约束,实现在CMP速度分析结果的约束框架下,精细重构介质的介电参数信息。首先,以层状模型为算例,验证了CMP速度分析结果作为波阻抗反演的初始模型约束的可行性;在此基础上,开展了2个随机介质模型的波阻抗反演测试,反演结果的整体结构与模型接近,细微结构得到了较好的重构,与理论值的平相对误差为8.73%。结果表明,该方法在随机介质模型的探地雷达的波阻抗反演中更高效和经济,并且成像结果中包含着丰富的细节信息,在土壤介质其他物理参数估计中具有可行性和适用性。     

吉林省通化县迎门岔一带白垩系下统火山碎屑岩稀有稀土矿找矿前景浅析

通化县迎门岔一带1∶20万水系沉积物测量,圈定出“通通-84-HS-10”号异常,异常区内出露的岩性主要为白垩系下统林子头组灰绿色、紫色流纹质凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩、流纹质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、灰紫色流纹岩、安山岩等火山碎屑岩。在1∶20万异常区内开展了1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,圈出重点找矿前景区,并在该区内开展1∶1万土壤测量、高精磁测等工作,通过槽探工程验证,发现含铌钽矿化蚀变带,显示出该地区具有较好的稀有稀土矿找矿前景。     

Delineation of potential groundwater zones based on multicriteria decision making technique

Groundwater is the most prioritized water source in India and plays an indispensable role in India's economy. The groundwater potential mapping is key to the sustainable groundwater development and management. A hybrid methodology is applied to delineate potential groundwater zones based on remote sensing, geographical information systems(GIS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) as on multicriteria decision making. For the purpose of demonstrating field application, Chittar watershed, Tamilnadu, India is studied as an example. The important morphological characteristics considered in the study are lithology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and Soil Conservation Service–Curve Number(SCS-CN). These six thematic layers are generated in a GIS platform. Based on intersecting the layers, AHP method, the values for adopting the pairwise comparison normalized weight and normalized subclasses weightage were given. The normalized subclass weightage is input into each layer subclass. Then, weighted linear combination method is used to add the data layers in GIS platform to generate groundwater potential Index(GWPI) map. The GWPI map is validated based on the net recharge computed from the differences of measured groundwater levels between the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon in the year 2018. The kappa statistics are used to measure level spatial consistency between the GWPI and net recharge map. The overall average spatial matching accuracy between the two data sets is 0.86, while the kappa coefficient for GWPI with net recharge, 0.78. The results show that in Chittar watershed about 870 km~2 area is divided into high potential zone(i.e. sum of very high and high potential zone), 667 km~2 area, as the moderate one and the rest 105 km~2 area, as the poor zone(i.e. sum of very poor and poor potential zone).     

Gas generation and expulsion characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks,eastern Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China: implications for shale gas resource potential

Frontier exploration in the Kuqa Depression, western China, has identified the continuous tight-sand gas accumulation in the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic as a major unconventional gas pool. However, assessment of the shale gas resource in the Kuqa Depression is new. The shale succession in the Middle–Upper Triassic comprises the Taliqike Formation (T₃t), the Huangshanjie Formation (T₃h) and the middle–upper Karamay Formation (T_2–3k), with an average accumulated thickness of 260 m. The high-quality shale is dominated by type III kerogen with high maturity and an average original total organic carbon (TOC) of about 2.68 wt%. An improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model was applied to this self-contained source–reservoir system to reveal the gas generation and expulsion (intensity, efficiency and volume) characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks. The maximum volume of shale gas in the source rocks was obtained by determining the difference between generation and expulsion volumes. The results indicate that source rocks reached the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold of 1.1% VR and the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion reached their peak at 1.0% VR and 1.28% VR, with the maximum rate of 56 mg HC/0.1% TOC and 62.8 mg HC/0.1% TOC, respectively. The volumes of gas generation and expulsion from Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks were 12.02 × 10¹² m³ and 5.98 × 10¹² m³, respectively, with the residual volume of 6.04 × 10¹² m³, giving an average gas expulsion efficiency of 44.38% and retention efficiency of 55.62%. Based on the gas generation and expulsion characteristics, the predicted shale gas potential volume is 6.04 × 10¹² m³, indicating a significant shale gas resource in the Middle–Upper Triassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression.     

滇西北地区斑岩含矿性评价的常量元素标志探讨

文章介绍了滇西北地区斑(玢)岩分布情况、主要斑(玢)岩体的岩石化学特征,并利用常量元素标志对岩体的铜金含矿性进行评价,认为滇西北地区的斑(玢)岩体可分为五个岩带,金矿成矿有利岩体和铜矿成矿有利岩体两大类型,指出滇西地区具有广阔的斑岩找矿前景。     

贵州三都排正金矿床成矿元素赋存规律及成矿潜力评价

贵州三都—丹寨Hg-Au-Sb成矿带大地构造位于扬子克拉通黔南台陷与华南褶皱带西缘交界处,成矿带内断裂构造极其复杂,矿体延伸、展布明显受构造控制.排正金矿床位于该成矿带中南段,对其成矿有利靶区进行成矿元素地球化学样品分析,探讨成矿元素相关性和赋存状态,反演成矿机制.分析结果显示:①矿石中Au元素与As、Pb+Zn、Hg...     

Detection of Methane Hydrate-Bearing Zones from Seismic Data

Abstract. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled offshore Japan in the Tokai area in 1999 and 2000. The occurrence of methane hydrate was confirmed by various indicators in the borehole logs and from core data. These findings have a large impact on potential future Japanese energy resources and other related-scientific interests.
We first tried to find the methane hydrate-bearing zones using interval velocities derived from NMO velocity analysis. However, this analysis produced poor resolution. To achieve a more detailed delineation of the gas hydrate- and gas-bearing zones, we executed a seismic impedance inversion calibrated by the logs from two of the MITI Nankai Trough wells. Although these two wells are only about 90 m apart, we were able to produce an impedance section with fine detail by adopting a simple initial model and incorporating physical properties of the methane hydrate-bearing zones. The locations of the methane hydrate-bearing zones are readily apparent in the final section.