Is self-regulation a myth? Case study on Spanish groundwater user associations and the role of higher-level authorities

Self-regulation of groundwater users offers tremendous potential for effective groundwater management. The attributes of higher-level authorities that are more likely to facilitate the beneficial management of groundwater in economic, social and environmental terms are discussed. For this purpose, eight groundwater user associations in Spain have been compared. Factors that support institutional change were analyzed, namely: salience, common understanding, trust and reciprocity, autonomy, prior organizational experience and local leadership. These factors are complemented by features that strengthen actions by higher-level authorities that oversee self-regulation by water users (clear boundaries, legitimate recognition of appropriators, facilitating roles, trust in cross-scale linkages, clear division of responsibilities, institutional culture and co-management model choices). Self-regulation includes the creation of reflexive organizations that are capable of learning, provided first, the administration itself is modernized to meet the challenges of self-regulation, and second, that ‘regulatory capture’ is avoided by external organizations, ensuring that the regulator and the regulated are not so close in their relationship as to be detrimental to effectiveness.

主体功能区划可利用土地资源的探讨——以芜湖市为例

在阐述主体功能区划可利用土地资源概念的基础上,结合芜湖市实际情况提出各指标项并具体给出算法,确定技术流程,然后借助GIS技术,实现实验结果。研究结果表明,市区的后备建设用地很少,三县相对来说较为充裕,三县之间的内部差距也较小。根据后备建设用地较少这一实际情况,该市应科学合理地制定土地利用相关规划,并实行最严格的用途管制。     

基于图像蒙版技术的场景专题信息表达方法研究

利用图像蒙版技术表现场景专题信息,通过将重要的场景专题信息以单一图像的形式罩于地形表面,形成地形“蒙版”,使用户只关注蒙版即可获取所需信息,用户可以在最短时间内形成对场景专题信息的总体把握与正确认识。这种方法在一定程度上提高了用户对场景的认知效率与深度。     

Finnskogene I Norge

Recently, increased attention has been paid to the importance of everyday landscapes in the Western world, and a stronger political will to involve local participation in planning processes has emerged. The authors discuss the implementation of the political will to engage the Norwegian public in local heritage planning and whether or not this new role can have a mobilising effect on heritage protection. In Norway, cultural heritage managers have established methods for identifying valuable heritage assets in cultural historic landscapes. As increased responsibility for cultural heritage management is given to municipalities, more municipalities are making their own heritage plans to improve local heritage management. The article investigates how cultural heritage management in everyday landscapes is taking place, how heritage plans are developed, how local knowledge is involved, and what assets local residents appreciate in their environment, based on an in-depth study of two medium-sized Norwegian regional towns. The results show that local stakeholders were often invited to participate in planning processes, but that their contributions were largely kept out of official plans at the final stage. Further, the study revealed that memories and personal histories related to heritage appreciations are important elements in building identity, both at a personal level and at a local level.     

海洋主体功能区划指标体系研究

海洋是国土空间的特殊组成部分。构建一套科学合理且兼具海洋特色的指标体系,是海洋主体功能区划成功与否的关键所在。在充分考虑海洋空间特性的基础上,提出了海洋主体功能区划指标的设计原则,构建了内水与领海、海岛、专属经济区和大陆架的主体功能区划分类指标体系,并针对海洋主体功能区划指标体系设置的若干问题进行了探讨。研究结果表明,根据不同海洋空间的特性设置海洋主体功能区划指标体系,对于海洋空间区划具有较强的适用性。     

都龙锡锌矿床绿泥石特征及其成矿意义

都龙锡锌超大型矿床是中国第三大锡石硫化物矿床,其中的绿泥石化相当普遍,并与矿化关系密切。本文在岩矿鉴定基础上,利用电子探针对绿泥石进行了微区化学成分研究。研究结果表明,该矿床绿泥石为富铁种属的假鳞绿泥石、鲕绿泥石、蠕绿泥石(铁绿泥石)及铁镁绿泥石,指示形成于还原环境;绿泥石为泥质岩或铁镁质岩受热液交代蚀变的产物,绿泥石结构的离子置换主要体现为Fe对Mg的置换,反映其形成与含铁建造有关;绿泥石的形成温度为231～304℃,平均为269℃,属于中-低温范围。绿泥石的形成机制主要表现为溶蚀-结晶、溶蚀-迁移-沉淀结晶2种。绿泥石可能与锡成矿同期形成,其与矿石矿物的生成关系表明,燕山期岩浆活动对都龙矿床的叠加改造作用显著。     

基于UC/OS-II的UCGUI和LWIP资源整合的研究

介绍了针对实时内核UC/OS-II的资源扩展,主要是UCGUI和LWIP的资源整合,探讨了两者在UC/OS-II中的移植方法,丰富了UC/OS-II的功能。     

定向裂缝对地震波速度和振幅影响的比较—实验结果分析

利用垂直定向裂缝模型和MTS岩石物性测试系统，测试了不同材料和不同状态裂缝模型的地震特征响应。对特征响应进行分析和比较后发现，虽然波的传播速度，振幅，吸收衰减，主频均可用来检测裂缝的特征参数，但是裂缝变化对振幅的影响大于对速度的影响。因此，利用地震波的振幅、衰减等属性参数检测裂缝特征比利用速度参数更有效。     

中国气象卫星应用需求数据库初探

世界各国发展气象卫星的根本目的是获取地球大气物理参数,满足卫星用户尤其是自己国家卫星用户的应用需求。气象卫星应用需求数据库,以定量指标的形式明确给出应用对卫星资料各方面的需求,通过卫星资料满足应用需求的能力评估,牵引气象卫星不断向前发展。文章回顾和评述了中国气象卫星及其应用需求研究的发展历程,探讨了建立中国气象卫星应用需求数据库的必要性。采用WMO调查方法,设计并进行了中国气象卫星的应用需求调查,揭示了现阶段中国气象卫星应用需求数据库研究的不足,对进一步的研究方向提出了建议。     

基于面向对象和规则的遥感影像分类研究

讨论了面向对象和规则的光学遥感影像分类方法。首先利用多尺度分割形成影像对象，建立对象的层次结构，计算对象的光谱特征、几何特征、拓扑特征等，利用对象、特征形成分类规则，并通过不同对象层间信息的传递和合并实现对影像的分类。并以北京城市土地利用分类为例，对该方法进行了验证。