Simple water balance modelling of surface reservoir systems in a large data-scarce semiarid region / Modélisation simple du bilan hydrologique de systèmes de réservoirs de surface dans une grande région semi-aride pauvre en données

Abstract

Abstract Water resources in dryland areas are often provided by numerous surface reservoirs. As a basis for securing future water supply, the dynamics of reservoir systems need to be simulated for large river basins, accounting for environmental change and an increasing water demand. For the State of Ceará in semiarid Northeast Brazil, with several thousands of reservoirs, a simple deterministic water balance model is presented. Within a cascade-type approach, the reservoirs are grouped into six classes according to storage capacity, rules for flow routing between reservoirs of different size are defined, and water withdrawal and return flow due to human water use is accounted for. While large uncertainties in model applications exist, particularly in terms of reservoir operation rules, model validation against observed reservoir storage volumes shows that the approach is a reasonable simplification to assess surface water availability in large river basins. The results demonstrate the large impact of reservoir storage on downstream flow and stress the need for a coupled simulation of runoff generation, network redistribution and water use.     

IN THE WAY OF DEVELOPMENT: INDIGENOUS LAND‐RIGHTS ISSUES IN MALAYSIA*

The Malaysian government regards the country's indigenous peoples as “backward” and in need of “modernization.” It aims to assimilate them into the so‐called mainstream society and to incorporate their lands and resources into national and global markets. These policy objectives leave little scope for indigenous groups to pursue their own life projects. Indigenous communities want to share in the benefits of economic development, but they are not prepared to give up their lands, cultures, and identities to obtain them. They have attempted to ward off the negative consequences of development projects by forming advocacy nongovernmental organizations, engaging in various forms of resistance, and seeking redress of their grievances in the courts. Most of all, they want recognition of their rights to land and place. The efficacy of their agency is severely hampered by a battery of repressive laws and by their own political weakness.     

CDM and international technology transfer: empirical evidence on wind power

This article examines the effect of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) on the international transfer of wind power technologies. The analysis is conducted using patent data from over 100 countries during the period 1988–2008. It is found that transfers from Annex I countries to non-Annex I countries are significantly affected by the contemporaneous establishment of projects under the CDM. However, when taking into account the cumulative effect of CDM projects, the effect is negative. Finally, the effect of domestic absorptive capacity in the host country is positive and significant. Because involvement with the CDM may increase the latter, this is an important area for further research.     

What role for climate negotiations on technology transfer?

Little progress has been made in climate negotiations on technology since 1992. Yet the diffusion of climate change mitigation technologies to developing countries (non-Annex I) has increased dramatically over the last twenty years. The shift has mostly concerned emerging economies, which are now reasonably well connected to international technology flows. This is good news, as the bulk of emissions increases are expected to take place in these countries in the near future. In contrast, the least developed countries still appear to be excluded from international technology flows, mostly because of their negligible participation in the recent economic globalization. This article focuses on the policy implications of the contribution of climate negotiations to international technology diffusion.

Policy relevance

The discrepancy between the small amount of progress made in climate negotiations on technology since 1992 and the steady increase in the international diffusion of climate mitigation technologies leads to the perhaps controversial view that the diffusion of climate mitigation technologies does not need strong international coordination over technology issues under the UNFCCC. However, climate negotiations can play a key role in stimulating the demand for low-carbon technologies by setting ambitious emission reductions targets and policies.     

基于矿业权实地核查的湖北省矿政管理信息系统

为了将湖北省矿业权核查、矿产资源规划等数据库有机融合,为矿政管理提供一体化服务模式,提出了一张图管矿的总体工作思路、数据库建设、系统框架及实现方法,并开发了相应的信息系统。实际应用表明,＂一张图管矿＂系统改进了矿政管理业务模式,有效提升了服务水平,应用效果良好。     

长心卡帕藻（Kappaphycus alvarezii）表达序列标记分析

分别采用BlastX和Blast2go软件对453条非冗余的长心卡帕藻EST序列进行匹配分析和GO注释。结果表明,有281条序列与蛋白数据库中序列匹配,有132条序列被归属为3个子本体：分子功能、生物学过程和细胞组成。同时筛选到24个与逆境适应相关的基因,包括应对胁迫反应和抗氧化反应的基因。采用GCUA软件,进行长心卡...     

Understanding and contextualizing social impacts from the privatization of fisheries: An overview

Fisheries management around the world has experimented with regulations to promote privatization, in order to reach such multifaceted goals as ending overfishing and reducing economic inefficiencies. This review surveys a wide range of empirical experiences in different contexts around the world to help provide a fuller picture of potential and sometimes disparate consequences from privatization in general and new ways of organizing around fishing that can follow in the wake of such measures. Looking at the many different participants in the fishing industry—from crew, small-boat owners, to households and communities—as well as the diverse sociocultural contexts in which fishing takes place, enables a better understanding of who and what is impacted, how they are impacted, why and with what further consequences, such that communities come to be seen less oppositional to economy, but rather constituted by multiple scalar processes and by economic relations comprising different motivations and behaviors.     

Land expropriation in urbanizing China: an examination of negotiations and compensation

A driving force of urban development is “accumulation by dispossession” which occurs through expropriation, privatization, and commodification of land. While the macro theory is now well refined, there is still much we do not know about how the underlying processes occur and how they shape economic development and urbanization. In this study, we analyze 2009 survey data of land expropriation cases across 12 Chinese cities, and find that expropriation takes different forms leading to specific outcomes. In half the cases, local governments followed central government policies requiring them to pay standard rates of compensation, but in the other half, local governments negotiated with farmers over the terms of expropriation. In the latter scenario, farmers were more likely to receive compensation higher than the standard rate, particularly if they were embedded in local power structures, which we argue could be counteracted if all households in a rural collective negotiate one agreement rather than individual agreements. These findings move us closer to understanding why accumulation through dispossession sometimes contributes to economic growth and social development, and at other times undermines urban development leading to social instability.     

城镇化建设与农村土地产权制度改革--中国社会科学院学部委员张晓山研究员接受本刊专访

2013年6月24日,上海市地质调查研究院副总工程师李勤奋教授、上海市地质调查研究院总工程师办公室副主任兼《上海国土资源》编辑部主任龚士良教授、上海市地质调查研究院地价所所长助理刘馨硕士专程赴北京,拜访了中国社会科学院学部委员、中国社会科学院农村发展研究所原所长张晓山研究员,并代表《上海国土资源》期刊作了专题访谈。
　　张所长指出：农民与农村土地之间的关系是农村最重要的经济关系,也是最重要的政治关系;农村土地产权制度改革是发展现代农业、建设新农村的基础和前提;土地确权是落实农村土地所有者主体地位的一项基础性工作,而成员资格的认定是关键;城镇化建设要以城乡经济社会发展一体化为目标,促进实现城乡统筹;农用地的流转与土地的增值收益要充分保障农民权益;农村土地产权的制度设计与完善,更需要相应的配套措施予以落实。     

试析海南省城市地下空间开发利用规范管理

通过对我国地下空间开发利用相关法律条文的对比分析,结合各地地下空间开发管理经验,利用分层管理、系统管理理论,使用对比分析、实地调研的方法,在对建设用地使用权权利定性及权利协调合理性探讨基础上,提出海南城市地下空间开发规范管理利用建议。