1961—2017年中国华东区域高空温度变化特征

利用中国华东六省一市13个探空站1961—2017年高空温度数据,对850 hPa、500 hPa、200 hPa高空温度的时间变化特征和空间变化特征进行分析,结果表明:1961—2017年中国华东区域对流层中下层增温趋势明显,向上增温趋势减弱,对流层顶增温趋势有所增强.850 hPa、500 hPa温度的年代际变化均...     

室内空气污染及其控制

在介绍城市室内空气污染的现状、空气污染物的主要来源种类及其对人体健康造成危害的基础上,对目前常用的控制室内空气污染、改善室内空气质量的方法进行了对比分析,并提出了一些建设性意见.     

Urban planning construction land standard and its revision based on climate and topography in China

Urban planning construction land standard is the technical specification for scientifically allocating various types of urban construction land, and it is the basis for drawing up and revising the overall urban planning scheme. Considering China's current urban planning construction land standard, many problems exist, such as the gap in the land use control threshold, the lack of regional differences in the climate revision, and failing to consider the topographic factors. To resolve these problems, this study proposed a step-by-step process framework and quantitative calculation method for the establishment and revision of standards in accordance with the principle of Total-Structure control. By setting the conditions, a universal basic standard for construction land was established. Quantitative analysis was then conducted on the relationship between the basic standard and the selected key indicators, such as urban population size, sunshine spacing coefficient, the width of river valleys or inter-montane basins, and terrain slope, among others. Finally, revised standards were formed for climate conditions, topography, and geomorphologic conditions, which were matched with the basic standards. The key results are three-fold:(1) The per capita construction land standard of 95 m~2/person can be used as the total indicator of China's urban planning basic standard, and the corresponding per capita single construction land comprises 32.50% of residential land, 7.42% of public management and public service land, 22.50% of industrial land, 17.50% of transportation facilities, 12.50% of green space, and 7.58% of other land-use types. The results of the revision of the urban population size indicate that the difference in population size has little effect on the total amount of per capita construction land.(2) The climate revision results of per capita residential land and per capita construction land in major cities reveal that the revised climate value varies greatly between north and south China. The revised climate values of the per capita area of construction land vary by latitude as follows: the value at 20°N is 93 m~2/person, the value at 30°N is 97 m~2/person, the value at 40°N is 103 m~2/person, and the value at 50°N is 115 m~2/person. The basic standard land value of 95 m~2/person is generally distributed across the Xiamen-Guilin-Kunming line.(3) The cities located in mountainous areas, hilly valleys, or inter-montane basins can reduce the allocation of community parks and comprehensive parks when the average width of an existing river valley or inter-montane basin is less than 2 km. When the average width of the valley or inter-montane basin is between 2 km to 4 km, the allocation of the comprehensive parks can be reduced. The revised results of per capita sloping construction land reveal that the terrain slope greatly affects the revised value of per capita construction land. Specifically, the revised value at 3° is 3.68% higher than the basic standard value, and the increase rates at 8°, 15°, and 25° are 11.25%, 26.49%, and 68.47%, respectively.     

Otolith chemical signature and growth of Chaetodon speculum in coastal areas of New Caledonia

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They are currently exposed to increasing levels of anthropogenic perturbations. Several recent reviews point to the lack of good indicators for these perturbations especially to monitor their effects on fish populations or fish assemblages. The SW lagoon of New Caledonia is an ideal location to test indicator species in this context as contrasting sites are present within a small geographical range. This study analysed fish from four sites, one with heavy industrial pollution, another dominated by domestic waste, a third with historic mining activities, and the fourth as a control. The butterfly fish, Chaetodon speculum, was chosen to determine C. speculum's potential as an indicator species due to its link to coral, its sedentary behaviour and its wide geographical distribution. The size distribution, growth rate, age distribution and whole otolith composition were analysed at each site. Age and mean growth rate were analysed from daily increments of the otoliths. The concentrations of eight elements (Li, Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Sr, and Ba) were measured by ICP-MS in the otoliths of a subset of individuals. The sites under anthropogenic impact were distinct from the control site by fish size frequencies, age distributions, and the chemical content of their otoliths. The chemical elements Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Rb showed differences amongst sites. Fish belonging to the sites furthest from Nouméa could be discriminated in nearly 80% of samples or 60% of the cases when otolith weight or fish age respectively were taken into account. Ni concentrations of the otoliths were also higher in the bays where water concentrations of this element were known to be higher, but these differences were no longer significant once corrected for otolith weight. These results should be mitigated by the fact that: (1) despite significant differences between sites in age distribution and size frequencies there were no differences in growth rates or body condition; (2) differences in age or size were not correlated to perturbation levels; and (3) discrimination between sites based on chemical levels in the otoliths, even though significant, was not sufficient to identify the origin of the fish at a level useful for screening tests. The hypothesis that environmental differences between sites would be reflected in the otolith chemical composition is therefore not fully supported by our results.     

Influencing factors for formation of urban and rural spatial structure in metropolis fringe area—Taking Shuangliu County of Chengdu in China as a case

With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have experienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial structure of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spatial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migration, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for carrying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.     

济南市建成区扩展的时空特征及驱动力分析

以山东省济南市为例,以1979—2005年5个不同时相的遥感图像为数据源,利用遥感信息提取技术,获取了城市扩展的空间信息。结合济南市社会经济统计数据,从扩展方向、重心转移等方面综合分析了济南市建成区扩展的时空特征,并从人口、经济、地理区位、政策导向等4个方面探讨了城市扩展的驱动力。结果表明,济南市城区扩展的整体趋势是东西向的带状扩张,向东扩张明显,城市重心向东北方向转移;1979年济南市城区面积是52．7km^2,2005年达到311．6km^2,是1979年的5．9倍。     

气象监测数据的时空特征分析与建模

尝试对美国爱荷华州东部66个气象观测站1951～2000年的月均最低气温数据进行时空特征分析和建模。将时空数据分解为时空趋势和时空残差两部分,使用非线性时间序列模型模拟气温的时空趋势,分析模型参数和残差的时空特征,探索时空数据建模方法。案例研究表明研究区域内所有站点的时间序列特征较一致,可采用一个趋势性和周期性模型表达。同时残差部分具有一定的时空自相关特征,建议开发一个简单方法进行时空数据插值。     

武汉市城乡规划动态监管信息系统的设计与开发

介绍了武汉市城乡动态监管信息系统建设的基本思路和技术构架,分析了系统功能划分、数据库设计、网络与安全体系建设等问题,对遥感技术、GPS技术以及信息资源整合技术在项目建设中的应用进行了讨论。     

New patterns of urban development in China

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｉｔｙｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｒｅ ｇｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ .Ｆｏｒｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ ,ｉｎ 1996,ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌａｒｅａｓｏｆ 666ｃｉｔｉｅｓｏｎｌｙｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆ 18.12ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｉｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ ,ａｎｄｂｕｉｌｔ ｕｐａｒｅａ 1.8ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ .Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｔｈｅ 68.63ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆＧＤＰ(ＧｒｏｓｓＤｏ…     

城市文化战略导向下上海演艺空间的演变

摘要：后工业时代,文化资源的挖掘利用正日益成为各国政府引导城市更新、城市转型的重要手段。上海也积极利用各种文化资源来塑造国际文化大都市的形象。论文在回顾上海文化战略发展的基础上,分析了文化战略导向下上海对演出场馆资源的五种开发利用模式,并重点剖析了城市文化战略的实施对上海演出空间的塑造作用。在当前上海打造国际文化大都市的进程中,演出场馆的空间分布格局正日趋成形,同时,这种文化符号效力也带来了显著的空间效应,包括全球文化消费引领地的形成,艺术表演集聚区的初现以及演出空间的专业化拓展等。塑造与提升上海演艺文化空间格局成为上海加快建设国际文化大都市的必经之路。