Simulating and understanding effects of water level fluctuations on thermal regimes in Miyun Reservoir

ABSTRACT

Water temperature dynamics in a reservoir are affected by its bathymetry, climatic conditions and hydrological processes. Miyun Reservoir in China is a large and deep reservoir that experienced a large water level decline in 1999–2004 due to low rainfall and relatively high water supply to Beijing. To study changes of stratification characteristics in Miyun Reservoir from 1998 to 2011, the one-dimensional year-round lake model MINLAKE2010 was modified by adding a new selective withdraw module and a reservoir hydrological model. Simulation results under three scenarios demonstrated that the new MINLAKE2012 model accurately predicted daily water levels and temperature dynamics during the water level fluctuation period. The water level decline led to 7.6 and 3.8°C increases in the maximum and mean bottom temperatures and about 29 days reduction in the stratification days. These simulation results provide an insight into the thermal evolution of Miyun Reservoir during the planned future water filling process.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Associate editor M. Acreman     

天山天池水体季节性分层特征

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输电线路杆塔危岩威胁等级评价方法研究

从影响滚石击中塔体时的能量以及塔体被滚石击中的可能性出发,提出现场评价危岩对塔体威胁等级的方法。该方法考虑了边坡形状、塔位与山体的相对位置、坡上危岩的数量和大小以及坡脚滚石的数量和大小等因素。当边坡总体坡度相同时,上缓下陡的折线边坡,滚石落地速度最大;而内凹的曲线边坡,滚石落地速度最小。位于山体内凹一侧的塔位,塔体受危岩威胁最大,而位于山体凸出一侧的塔位,受危岩威胁最小。     

Dynamics of the Mackenzie River plume on the inner Beaufort shelf during an open water period in summer

The oceanographic conditions of the Mackenzie River plume in the Arctic Ocean were examined during a 12-day period in August 2007. Field observations in the river channel and the delta region (2–6 m depth), ship-based observations on the shelf and satellite observations of sea surface temperatures indicate that movements of plume density fronts cause changes in water temperatures of over 10  C over a few days. We used a 1D model to compare the strength of stratification versus surface wind stress, and a 3D numerical model to simulate the plume motions under forcing from the river flows, local wind and water level variations from tides and wind-driven surge. The results indicate that the coastal region is stratified with a ∼2 m thick surface plume even in water depths of 3–4 m, resulting in strong vertical variation of horizontal currents. Moderate easterly winds of 5–10 m/s are sufficient to induce offshore transport of the surface plume and onshore transport of the deeper shelf water, leading to large fluctuations in temperature and salinity in the coastal region. This study examined a period of offshore transport and mean water level set-down, and indicates the rapid response of the plume to wind over the shallow delta.     

Role of mean circulation,tides, and waves in the transport of bottom sediment on the New Zealand continental shelf

Evaluation of velocity data on water movements over the New Zealand continental shelf has revealed that the mean circulation by itself is too slow to induce transport of bottom sediments. Tides generally have higher velocities, but are still not the main transporting agent except in the tide‐dominated Cook and Foveaux. Straits. Waves have the potential to stir sediments on the inner and middle shelf (less than about 70 m deep) during annual storms, and probably down to 130 m depth during the maximum 25‐y storm.

For sediment transport to take place, energies of at least two of the major water movements would have to complement one another. Optimum conditions for transport probably occur during storm periods when wave‐suspended sediment is readily moved by tides and the mean circulation.

The direction of transport is mainly along the continental shelf and is largely in response to prevailing weather patterns coincident with the direction of the mean circulation and strongly reinforced by the appropriate phase of the tide.     

岩溶水库热结构变化对水体溶解无机碳及其同位素的影响过程

以中国南方亚热带地区典型的地下水补给型水库——大龙洞水库为对象,于2018年1月、4月、7月、10月、12月分别在上、中、下游三个监测点进行采样,探究水库热结构变化对于水体无机碳及其同位素的影响过程及机理。结果表明：（1）大龙洞水库水体在一个水文年中呈现周期性的混合期—分层期—混合期的热结构变化,4月热分层开始显现,7月逐渐显著呈现完整的热分层,10月以后热分层逐渐消失,水体逐渐实现混合;（2）水体热分层是溶解无机碳（DIC）浓度与碳稳定同位素（δ¹³C_DIC）值变化的主要驱动力。表水层中DIC主要受水—气界面二氧化碳脱气、水生生物光合作用控制,其DIC浓度与δ¹³C_DIC值分别为3.22 mmol·L⁻¹和−9.15‰;温跃层中DIC主要受有机质降解过程影响,其DIC浓度与δ¹³C_DIC值分别为3.43 mmol·L⁻¹和−9.70‰;底水层中DIC主要受碳酸盐沉淀过程影响,其DIC浓度与δ¹³C_DIC值分别为4.32 mmol·L⁻¹和−11.89‰;（3）三种过程伴随水库热结构的变化而变化,驱动DIC浓度及其同位素的变化梯度 G (DIC)与 G (δ¹³C_DIC)的变化,表现为底水层＜表水层＜温跃层。热分层结束进入混合期后,DIC浓度与δ¹³C_DIC值的时空差异均逐渐消失,最终表现出DIC浓度与δ¹³C_DIC值的均一化。     

彬县水帘洞煤矿工业场地西侧黄土高边坡特征及成因分析

水帘洞煤矿工业场地西侧黄土高边坡为老滑坡的后壁,在边坡的脚下有老滑坡体残留物。地表水沿黄土垂直节理、裂隙下渗,逐渐在边坡的顶部形成落水洞;边坡还受黄土层理、倾角（5～10）和古土壤层位置的控制,地表水下渗至古土壤层,古土壤层是良好的隔水层,加上黄土层理倾向沟谷,在古土壤层面位置（半山腰）易形成与边坡顶部落水洞贯通的落水洞出口。受长期降水或短期强降水的影响,导致边坡失稳。     

-座富营养化水库—福建山仔水库夏季热分层期间浮游植物垂向分布

对福建省水温分层型富营养化山仔水库夏季大坝断面垂向水体的物理化学参数进行了监测分析,并应用荧光分析法结合显微镜细胞计数法,对垂向分层水体和沉积物中的浮游植物生物量、群落组成及丰度进行了分析.结果表明,水库的水温分层能够引起水化学指标的分层.夏季大坝断面水体中的浮游植物以蓝藻门微囊藻属占绝对优势,垂向分布表现为表层的浮游植物细胞数量高于底层,温跃层以下细胞数急剧减少,水温分层可能决定着浮游植物的垂向分布,底泥中的浮游植物将为水体的水华提供"种源".