Circulation characteristics of a monsoon depression during BOBMEX-99 using high-resolution analysis

The skill and efficiency of a numerical model mostly varies with the quality of initial values, accuracy on parameterization of physical processes and horizontal and vertical resolution of the model. Commonly used low-resolution reanalyses are hardly able to capture the prominent features associated with organized convective processes in a monsoon depression. The objective is to prepare improved high-resolution analysis by the use of MM5 modelling system developed by the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR). It requires the objective comparison of high and low-resolution analysis datasets in assessing the specific convective features of a monsoon depression. For this purpose, reanalysis datasets of NCAR/NCEP (National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental Prediction) at a horizontal resolution of 2.5‡ (latitude/longitude) have been used as first guess in the objective analysis scheme. The additional asynoptic datasets obtained during BOBMEX-99 are utilized within the assimilation process. Cloud Motion Wind (CMW) data of METEOSAT satellite and SSM/I surface wind data are included for the improvement of derived analysis. The multiquadric (MQD) interpolation technique is selected and applied for meteorological objective analysis at a horizontal resolution of 30 km. After a successful inclusion of additional data, the resulting reanalysis is able to produce the structure of convective organization as well as prominent synoptic features associated with monsoon depression. Comparison and error verifications have been done with the help of available upper-air station data. The objective verification reveals the efficiency of the analysis scheme.     

TEM study of a special grain boundary in a synthetic K-feldspar bicrystal: Manebach Twin

 A monoclinic KAlSi₃O₈ feldspar Manebach twin boundary was synthesized by diffusion bonding and examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The sharp (001) twin boundary is straight and free of strain. The boundary width is smaller than d₀₀₁. There is no rigid body shift observed at the twin boundary, and the feldspar structure is arranged symmetrically across (001). The twin boundary structure consists of bridged tetrahedral crankshafts, which are characteristic of the feldspar lattice. The grain boundary structure is in good agreement with the geometrical model of Taylor et al. (1934). The grain boundary composition of K_1/2H_1/2AlSi₃O₈ differs from their model. Received: 13 February 2002 / Accepted: 24 December 2002 Acknowledgements We thank M. Rühle, S. Hutt, J. Mayer, A. Strecker and U. Salzberger at MPI, Stuttgart, for their support and valuable advice in preparing TEM sections of bicrystals.     

Magnetotelluric Investigation of the Hydrothermal System and Heat Source in the Muine-Toyoha Geothermal Area, Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract. Magnetotelluric (MT) surveys were carried out around the Muine volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, where it is expected that the heat and metal source forming the polymetallic Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-In Toyoha deposit is present at depth. Measurements were performed at 20 sites, 18 of which were located along a WSW-ENE profile traversing the north ridge of Mt. Muine. A resistivity model obtained from 2D inversion of the MT data shows subsurface specific conductive and resistive features. Conductive layers are present at the surface of Mt. Muine. The low resistivity is probably due to the clay-rich rocks associated with the hydrothermal alteration. A high resistivity layer, which corresponds to the pre-Tertiary Usubetsu Formation, crops out east of Mt. Muine and dips westward. At the west foot of Mt. Muine, relatively high resistive layers are widely exposed. The resistivity increases with depth and exceeds 1000 ohm-m. This fact indicates that this region is not influenced by the recent hydrothermal activity. An extremely conductive zone about 3–6 km wide and 6–9 km thick exists at a depth of 2 km below Mt. Muine. This zone mostly corresponds to an elastic wave attenuation zone detected by a seismic survey. It is interpreted as a large hydrothermal reservoir or melted magma, which is a heat source of the hydrothermal system in this area.     

止水帷幕在高层建筑深基坑中的应用

某高层建筑基坑西侧紧邻一道河沟,水量较大,采取三重管高压摆喷帷幕止水[1～4],施工完成后通过监测,未发现渗漏、地下水位明显下降和周围建筑物沉降现象。     

高耸塔架结构节点损伤基于神经网络的两步诊断法

本文针对高耸钢塔架结构的损伤特点，建立了具有节点损伤的有限元模型，提出了一种分层神经网络两步诊断法：第一步，由基于区域残余力理论的第一层神经网络进行结构损伤区域的初诊；第二步，由基于应变模态理论的第二层神经网络进行损伤区域内的具体损伤节点位置和程度的诊断。对一平面塔架结构的数值仿真分析表明：本文提出的损伤诊断方法的结果是令人满意的。     

PC ARC/INFO数据文件的内部结构剖析

本文首先分析了微机版地理信息系统软件PCARC／INFO3．4D的数据文件结构，然后着重介绍其主要数据文件的内部结构参数，这些参数可供ARC／INFO用户进行二次开发时参考。     

Theory of satellite ground-track crossovers

The fundamental geometry of satellite ground tracks and their crossover problem are investigated. For idealized nominal ground tracks, the geometry is governed by a few constant parameters whose variations lead to qualitative changes in the crossover solutions. On the basis that the theory to locate crossovers has not been studied in sufficient detail, such changes are described in regard to the number of crossover solutions in conjunction with their bifurcations. Employing the spinor algebra as a tool for establishing the ground-track crossing condition, numerical methodologies to locate crossovers appearing in general dual-satellite ground-track configurations are also presented. The methodologies are applied to precisely determined orbital ephemerides of the GEOSAT, ERS-1, and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter satellites. Received: 19 November 1996 / Accepted: 12 May 1997     

中强地震前山东地下流体地震前兆模糊分维特征研究

采用模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法，计算山东地下流体在１９８３年菏泽５．９级地震和１９９５年苍山５．２级地震前的变化。分析结果认为，模糊分维值反映了地震前兆时序观测资料的结构变化特征，具有一定的物理意义，为从复杂的地下流体前兆观测值中提取地震异常信息提供了新的方法，但对某些台、测项而言、必须具体分析其模糊分维变化特征及其震前异常变化特征。     

环形构造及其地震预报意义

根据遥感图象的解译结果，介绍了环形构造的基本特征及其对中强地震的控震作用，指出了环形构造的地震构造模式和环形构造对分析地震构造环境和地震预报具有一定的意义。     

断层泥分形结构与断层运行特征

介绍了西秦岭北缘断裂带东段和海原断裂带西段的天然断层泥的分形方法和结果，并对断层泥的粒度分布特征与断层运动特性的关系进行了探讨。