东海南部海域夏秋季沿岸流特征

Current characteristics and vertical variations during summer and autumn in the southern East China Sea were investigated by measuring current profile, tide, wind, and wave data for 90 d from July 28 to October 25, 2015. Our results are:(1) The current was mainly a(clockwise) rotating flow, displaying reciprocating flow characteristics,and vertically the current directions were the same throughout the vertical profile.(2) The horizontal current speed was strongest during August(summer) with an average speed of 51.8 cm/s. The average current speeds during spring tides were highest in August and weakest in September, with speeds of 59.9 and 42.8 cm/s,respectively.(3) Considerable differences exist in average current speeds in different layers and seasons. The highest average current speeds were found in the middle–upper layers in August and in the middle–lower layers in September and October.(4) The residual current speed was highest in August, when the speed was 12.5–47.1 cm/s,whereas the vertical average current speed was 34.3 cm/s. The depth-averaged residual current speeds in September and October were only 50% of that in August, and the residual current direction gradually rotated in a counter-clockwise direction from the lower to surface layers.(5) Typhoon waves had a significant influence on the currents, and even affected the middle and lower water layers at depths of >70.0 m. Our results showed that the currents are controlled by the dynamic interplay of the Taiwan Warm Current, incursion of the Kuroshio Current onto the continental shelf, and monsoonal changes.     

QuikSCAT在台风监测中的应用

利用成熟发展的台风自身在风向上的涡旋型特征和风眼处风速相对周围较低的特征, 分别采用搜索QuikSCAT反演风向的涡旋中心, 风速或后向散射系数的台风中心区域在局部最小值点的方法定位获得了台风中心位置信息。在风矢量反演过程中采用QSCAT-1模型、借助Holland的台风模式, 修正了反演过程中的风向误差, 提高了台风中心定位的准确性。同时, 将该方法应用到对台风路径和强度监测中, 利用QuikSCAT对台风的连续观测资料分析得出台风强度和路径信息, 其中台风路径结果与美国国家飓风中心(NHC)通过最佳路径分析得到的台风路径结果基本一致, 但在台风强度结果上存在较大误差。为提高台风强度监测精度, 在反演过程中采用大风地球物理模型NN-T-GMF代替QSCAT-1模型, 使台风强度监测结果精度提高。结果表明, QuikSCAT可以有效监测海上台风路径和强度发展, 为进一步推断台风的强度发展和移动趋势提供帮助。     

海洋大气环境的多维动态可视化系统的设计与实现

根据海洋大气环境的多维动态特征设计了应用于专业领域的可视化系统结构体系,阐述了系统开发的关键技术并实现了系统的开发,最后以一个实例介绍系统的具体应用。     

Response of sediment dynamics in the York River Estuary,USA to tropical cyclone Isabel of 2003

Tropical Cyclone Isabel of 2003 generated large storm surge, strong waves, and subsequent river flooding in the York River Estuary, USA during its passage across the Chesapeake Bay region. A 3D model was used to investigate the changes of sediment concentration, sediment flux, and the recovery time of the York River Estuary to its naturally evolved condition without the storm. The results showed that two sediment concentration peaks appeared during the storm event. The first one was induced by the large upstream flow and waves during the storm surge rising period, and the later one was caused by the strong downstream flow during the descent of the storm surge. The advection, which was induced by the barotropic gradient, dominated the sediment flux during the storm event. The sediment fluxes increased by a factor of 100 during the rise and descent of the storm surge. A large amount of sediment that was transported into the estuary and eroded from the seabed during the rising of the storm surge was quickly transported out of the estuary during the descent of the storm surge. Waves played a key role in stirring the seabed and increasing the sediment concentration during the storm. Subsequent high freshwater inflow changed the sediment loading and hydrodynamics in the estuary, and thus, influenced the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) dynamics profoundly. The ETM moved downstream with the river flooding initially and returned upstream with the waning of river flooding and the re-establishment of gravitational circulation. The effect of river flooding on sediment concentration varied spatially and depended on the changes of ETM locations and vertical mixing. The model results suggest that a large amount of sediment was transported out of the estuary during the storm event and the subsequent river flooding had a larger impact on recovery time of the estuary.     

强台风0814(黑格比)和9615(莎莉)台风暴潮珠江口内超高潮位分析

0814(黑格比)和9615(莎莉)是登陆粤西沿岸的强台风,台风路径相似、强度相同、登陆点相近,两次台风均造成珠江口内高潮位,而前者形成超高潮位。通过现有资料的比较,对两场台风特点及产生风暴潮灾害程度不同的原因进行分析。0814台风造成珠江口内特高潮位的原因主要有:1.台风强度,0814台风低压控制时间较9615台风长;2.天文潮大小,0814台风登陆日珠江口外天文潮潮差超过9615台风25%;3.登陆时所遇天文潮涨落阶段不同,0814台风登陆时逢珠江口内处于高潮位时,而9615登陆时珠江口内处于落潮过程。     

珠江口地区台风风暴潮的数值模拟试验

本文选取了3个珠江口对造成严重风暴潮灾害的南海西北向路径的台风作为个例,利用国家海洋环境预报中心建立的业务化的台风风暴潮模式进行风暴潮后报检验.将结果与珠江口地区三个验潮站实际观测资料进行对比发现:模式的后报效果比较理想,对业务预报中最为关心的最大风暴增水值模拟较好,说明该模式对模拟这类型路径台风引起的风暴增水有较好的预报适用性.并且进一步发现:强度越大的台风,增水峰值模拟效果越好;该地区各验潮站的最大增水通常发生在台风中心距离验潮站最短的几个小时内.     

大气-海浪耦合模式对台风“碧利斯”的数值模拟

本文将海表粗糙度作为耦合大气、海浪模式的重要因子,实现中尺度大气模式MM5(V3)和第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCHⅢ的双向耦合,建立充分考虑大气、海浪相互作用的大气.海浪耦合模式.将该大气-海浪耦合模式应用于对0604次台风"碧利斯"的数值模拟,在耦合模式中引入Smith92海表粗糙度参数化方案,探讨其对台风和台风浪的影响.研究结果表明,大气-海浪耦合模式能够抓住台风过程的总体特征.Smith92海表粗糙度参数化方案对台风路径影响不大.但在台风系统强度的模拟上影响明显,采用Smith92方案使得台风系统强度显著增强,对台风系统强度的模拟有明显改善.同样,大气-海浪耦合模式能够很好的模拟台风过程中海浪的传播和演变.采用Smith92方案使得海面有效波高明显增高,对海面有效波高的模拟有一定程度改善.因此,在大气-海浪耦合模式中恰当的选择海表粗糙度参数化对改进大气-海浪耦合模式的模拟效果是很有意义的.     

基于地磁水平分量序列的磁暴自动识别

应用小波包分析技术提取了地磁水平分量序列的能量特征,用Fisher方法进行识别,研究了磁暴与非磁暴的识别率在不同时间长度t下的变化规律.当t=1h时,对磁暴与非磁暴的平均识别率达到83.8%;在确定为磁暴的前提下,进一步将磁暴按强度分为强磁暴(磁情指数K≥8)和非强磁暴(K≤7),平均识别率为72.9%.在对地磁水平分量进行连续实时监测的情况下,用这种方法可实现对磁暴的自动识别.     

我国沙尘暴特征及其与干旱关系的研究进展

阐述了我国沙尘暴空间分布、时间演变的最新事实特征,综述了我国沙尘暴与干旱关系研究方面有代表性的新成果,在此基础上探讨了沙尘暴灾害的形成及其与干旱相互作用的物理机制。     

地形对台风影响的数值模拟研究——以台风“泰利”为例

为研究台湾岛地形对台风移动路径及结构的影响,利用高分辨率中尺度MM5V3模式,设计3组敏感性试验,对“0513”号台风“泰利”在2005年8月31日00：06到9月1日18：00（世界时）影响台湾岛的过程进行数值模拟研究。主要就台湾岛地形对台风移动路径、气压场、散度场、涡度场和降水场进行分析。试验结果表明：台湾岛地形对台风“泰利”的移动路径和中心气压的影响不显著;地形的强迫作用对台风涡度场的中心强度和非对称结构有明显的影响;台湾岛地形是形成迎风坡诱生低压和背风坡诱生高压的主要因子;地形是台风外围降水加强的主要原因。