Three-dimensional inversion of borehole-surface electrical data based on quasi-analytical approximation

3D inversion of borehole-surface electrical data for complex geo-electrical models is still a challenging problem in geophysical exploration. We have developed a program for 3D inversion to borehole-surface electrical data based on the quasi-analytical approximation （QA） and re-weighted regularized conjugate gradient method （RRCG） algorithms using Visual Fortran 6.5. Application of the QA approximation to forward modeling and Frechet derivative computations speeds up the calculation dramatically. The trial calculation for synthetic data of theoretical model showed that the program is fast and highly precise.     

小波分析在大地测量中的应用及其进展

回顾了近10年来大地测量中小波分析应用研究的主要进展，并对今后重力场中的小波应用研究提出了若干建议。     

Comparison of local and global approximators in multivariate chaotic forecasting of daily streamflow

ABSTRACT

Although it is conceptually assumed that global models are relatively ineffective in modelling the highly unstable structure of chaotic hydrologic dynamics, there is not a detailed study of comparing the performances of local and global models in a hydrological context, especially with new emerging machine learning models. In this study, the performance of a local model (k-nearest neighbour, k-nn) and, as global models, several recent machine learning models – artificial neural network (ANN), least square-support vector regression (LS-SVR), random forest (RF), M5 model tree (M5), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) – was analysed in multivariate chaotic forecasting of streamflow. The models were developed for Australia’s largest river, the River Murray. The results indicate that the k-nn model was more successful than the global models in capturing the streamflow dynamics. Furthermore, coupled with the multivariate phase-space, it was shown that the global models can be successfully used for obtaining reliable uncertainty estimates for streamflow.     

分形维数的一种数值计算及统计检验方法

基于分形维数的原始定义，本文给出一种维数的数值计算方法。若被测量对象在某一标度范围内确具有统计意义上的标度不变性，则该方法能够较好地得到所需精度的维数计算结果并进而反推“无标度区”范围。在假设维数集｛ｂｋ｝服从正态分布的前提下，引入柯氏检验方法对（ｂｋ｝样本分布的一致性进行检验，以此判断｛ｂｋ｝中是否具有“异常值”存在，并由标准化极差检验法对｛ｂｋ｝中“异常值”进行检测并剔除，其目的是在“直观判定”的基础上对维数作进一步的精确计算及对“无标在区”作进一步的精确界定．本文方法的一个显著特点是所有判断及统计检验皆针对最终结果（维数）。人造数据的应用检验亦表明了该方法的客观实用性．     

Theoretical Approximation of Focusing-Wave Induced Load upon A Large-Scale Vertical Cylinder

Until now, most researches into the rogue-wave-structure interaction have relied on experimental measurement and numerical simulation. Owing to the complexity of the physical mechanism of rogue waves, theoretical study on the wave-structure issue still makes little progress. In this paper, the rogue wave flow around a vertical cylinder is analytically studied within the scope of the potential theory. The rogue wave is modeled by the Gauss envelope, which is one particular case of the well-known focusing theory. The formulae of the wave-induced horizontal force and bending moment are proposed. For the convenience of engineering application, the derived formulae are simplified appropriately, and verified against numerical results. In addition, the influence of wave parameters, such as the energy focusing degree and the wave focusing position, is thoroughly investigated.     

Control strategy for variable damping element considering near‐future excitation influence

A control strategy is proposed for variable damping elements (VDEs) used together with auxiliary stiffness elements (ASEs) that compose a time‐varying non‐linear Maxwell (NMW) element, considering near‐future excitation influence. The strategy first composes a state equation for the structural dynamics and the mechanical balance in the NMW elements. Next, it establishes a cost function for estimating future responses by the weighted quadratic norms of the state vector, the controlled force and the VDEs' damping coefficients. Then, the Euler equations for the optimum values are introduced, and also approximated by the first‐order terms under the autoregressive (AR) model of excitation information. Thus, at each moment t_k, the strategy conducts the following steps: (1) identify the obtained seismic excitation information to an AR model, and convert it to a state equation; and (2) determine VDEs' damping coefficients under the initial conditions at t_k and the final state at t_k+L, using the first‐order approximation of the Euler equations. The control effects are examined by numerical experiments. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamics of Absolute Vorticity in the Boussinesq Fluid

1.IntroductionDensityoffluidsisaveryimportantquantitytodeterminenuidpropertiessuchascompressibilityandbaroclinicity.Becauseofcomplexityofdensityvariationinrealfluids,variousassumptionshavebeenmadetoreducethedegreeofthecomplexity.TheBoussinesqapproximation(Boussinesq,1903;SpiegelandVeronis,1960;Turner,1973;DrazinandReid,1981)isoneoftheseassumptions,whichiswidelyusedinthestudiesofatmosphericsciencessuchasfrontogenesis(Hoskins,1972;Thorpe,1990),convectionandclouddynamics(OguraandPhillips,1962…