2D dynamic response of unlined and lined tunnels in poroelastic soil to harmonic body waves

The problem of harmonic wave diffraction by tunnels in an infinite poroelastic saturated soil obeying Biot's theory is studied numerically under conditions of plane strain and the effect of poroelasticity on the response is assessed through some parametric studies. The method is based on the theory of Mei and Foda, which considers the total field to be approximated by the superposition of an elastodynamic problem with modified elastic constants and mass density for the whole domain and a diffusion problem for the pore fluid pressure confined to a boundary layer at the free boundaries. Both problems are solved numerically by the boundary element method in the frequency domain. Results dealing with the response of a circular tunnel with and without an elastic concrete liner in an infinite poroelastic medium to incident harmonic P and SV plane waves are provided and compared against analytical ones as well as to those corresponding to linear elastic soil behaviour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

受污染的云滴内NOx光化通量的计算

依靠云滴的射线光学模型,针对具有吸收的耗散介质,可得到形式完整的电磁波反射系数公式,并且可求得具有几何意义的实际折射角。文中重点讨论了云滴中污染内含物及其不同的内混合方式对光化通量增强因子的影响。结果表明:云滴的存在都能增强光子的光化通量,仅当吸收系数非常大时,云滴内光化通量才会减小;无论哪一种内混合方式,受污染的云滴内光化通量增强基本上稍大于先前的估计值;光化通量增强因子一般都在1.2～1.62之间,即光化通量增加了20%～62%;吸收系数为零时,增强因子与云滴半径无关;增强因子随云滴半径和吸收系数的增大而减小。当云滴半径接近1μm时,吸收系数的影响迅速减小。     

Point Mass Method Applied to the Regional Gravimetric Determination of the Geoid

The determination of the local gravity field by means of the point mass inversion method can be performed as an alternative to conventional numerical methods, such as the least-squares collocation. Based on the first derivative of the inverse-distance Newtonian potential for the representation of the gravity anomaly data, it is possible to compute any wavelength component of the geoid in planar approximation with sufficient accuracy. In order to exemplify the theoretical concept, two applications are presented of the computation of two different wavelength components of the geoid, the long wavelength component in a local solution and the short wavelength component in a regional solution. The results are compared with corresponding least-squares collocation solutions, using a global geopotential model to remove and to restore the long wavelength component.     

DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STREAM FIELD OF COLD FRONT IN BOUNDARY LAYER*

The motion equation of atmospheric boundary layer with cold front surface under geostrophic momentum approximation is solved and some characteristics of the stream field for the cold front surface in the boundary layer are derived,for example,the slope of the cold front surface increases with the increases of geostrophic vorticity and the temporal tendency of geostrophic wind speed,and also increases with the decrease of the component of thermal wind speed along the motion direction of the front:the stream field above and below the cold front surface in the boundary layer depends on the slope of the front surface,geostrophic wind speed and its temporal and spatial distributions.A common characteristic is that there exist updraft motion above the cold front surface and downdraft motion below it.     

地震偏移的最优可分近似算法实现

针对地震偏移算法中单程波算子的特征函数近似，采用最优可分表示法将该特征函数展开为空间变量(g)和水平波数(k)的可分表达式，以此可分近似表达式为基础，运用正反Fourier变换重新构造单程波算子. 为了克服特征函数最优可分近似计算在奇点及其领域产生的数值振荡，引入等价黏性技巧以增强算法的数值计算稳定性，并采用分频最优可分及对空间变量(g)线性插值的方法，不仅提高了计算精度，也节约计算机时. 文中具体研究了单程波算子的脉冲响应和二维叠前深度偏移. 结果表明，在不甚大步长情况下，本文构造的算子具有适应横向强变速的能力，运用Marmousi模型验证了本文方法适合复杂构造的成像.     

基于弹性方程与声学方程的裂缝模型正演与偏移

在Hudson理论的基础上推导出基于弹性—声学近似的裂缝模型反射系数计算公式,然后用变参考慢度Rytov近似波场延拓算子,对给定裂缝模型进行正演和偏移,并分析其波场特征,得到以下三点结论:1在当前地震分辨率下,不能识别单个裂缝,但可以探测裂缝发育带;2裂缝带达到一定的宽度和密度,可以用地震方法检测裂缝的分布,潜山内幕反射波的范围与强弱,有利于研究裂缝发育带的宽度和密度;3裂缝带的低频复波反射,表明在裂缝发育带,地震波频率减低,意味着用地震波的频率特征是可以检测裂缝。     

中尺度模式中的三维变量配置

由于中尺度模式中采用不同的三维变量配置,必将产生不同的预报和模拟效果.怎样的三维变量分布,才能产生最佳的模拟效果呢?一直没有人从事这方面的研究.为此,在线性非静力滞弹性方程组的基础上,从频率、水平群速和垂直群速方面将中尺度模式中常见的四种三维网格的计算频散性与解析解的情况进行了对比,主要采用图示比较的方法.结果表明:总的来看三维网格C/CP计算频散性能最好,Z/LZ和Z/LY网格次之,C/L网格最差.因此设计非静力斜压模式时,应尽量采用C/CP网格.但C/CP网格对水平波长较短的波,误差相对要大些.如果模拟的波动水平尺度较小时,为减少误差,水平格距要减小.另外C/CP网格主要用在有限差分模式中;要考虑谱模式中的变量配置时,应把C/CP网格和Z/LZ网格或Z/LY网格结合起来使用.     

Curvature of convergent boundaries

Abstract It is well known that knowledge about convergent boundary geometry is crucial for global geodynamical reconstructions. At the same time, views related to the subject are controversial and speculative. For instance, island arcs, which are considered to be the most important convergent boundary structural elements, are thought to be either the parts of the small circles on the Earth's surface, or adjacent to each other as straight-line segments. Accordingly, one view says that island arcs are rectilinear rather than arched, and there are no reasons to consider their arched shape to be a rule. Is the island arc curvature invariant in time and space? General considerations, palaeomagnetic data and structural features such as strike-slip displacements of the opposite sign along the longitudinal faults on the island arc flanks, prompt the author to have a similar view to others, that is, that island arc curvature varies with time. It is worthy to note, nevertheless, that this statement could hardly be referred to as generally adopted, and it is not necessarily true. One can try to answer the second part of the question by means of mathematical statistics. Points of an island arc characterizing the geometry, such as volcanic centres or deep-trench axial line points, were led to the stereographical projection centre, where distortions are minimal. By the least squares method these points have been approximated with straight lines, circumferences and lines with variable curvature. Then by means of variance analysis the competing hypotheses have been compared. The results of the present study show that the curvature of the island arcs in the north-western Pacific varies with location. It is possible to search for relationships between island arc curvature as a measure of its bending, various physical parameters of island arc lithosphere and such recent island arc processes as volcanism, seismicity etc. Progress in this direction has already been made; namely a direct relationship between trench depth and island arc curvature has been established.     

半空间地表反射式衍射CT

本文在半空间中。采用地表发射和地表接收的配置－地表反射式（ＳＲＰ），利用ＳＨ波进行衍射层析成象。在Ｂｏｒｎ近似下，导出反演公式并给出模型验算结果。此法属“滤波－反传播”算法一类。对于Ｎ×Ｎ图象的反演，主要用Ｎ次ＦＦＴ完成，不需要内插