Time-domain numerical and segmented ship model experimental analyses of hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves

Real sea conditions are characterized by multidirectional sea waves. However, the prediction of hull load responses in oblique waves is a difficult problem due to numeral divergence. This paper focuses on the investigation of numerical and experimental methods of load responses of ultra-large vessels in oblique regular waves. A three dimensional nonlinear hydroelastic method is proposed. In order to numerically solve the divergence problem of time-domain motion equations in oblique waves, a proportional, integral and derivative (PID) autopilot model is applied. A tank model measurement methodology is used to conduct experiments for hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves. To implement the tests, a segmented ship model and oblique wave testing system are designed and assembled. Then a series of tests corresponding to various wave headings are carried out to investigate the vibrational characteristics of the model. Finally, time-domain numerical simulations of the ship are carried out. The numerical analysis results by the presented method show good agreement with experimental results.     

不同刚度植物杆群对规则波传播及紊动特性影响研究

以不同刚度硅胶圆杆群为概化植物模型,测定其抗弯弹性模量,通过波浪水槽实验,研究规则波在不同刚度植物杆群内的流速分布、紊动特征及不同刚度杆群的消浪效果。实验结果表明,当波浪通过柔性杆群时,受其摆动的影响,流速周期变化从单峰型逐渐转变成双峰型,杆群刚度越小形成的二次波峰越明显;不同刚度杆群内水体紊动强度变化显示,杆群刚度越大,造成杆群内水体的紊动强度越大;随着杆群抗弯弹性模量的增大,其消浪系数也增大,消浪系数的增长与材料的抗弯弹性模量值非线性关系,而是在某一弹性模量范围内,对消浪系数的影响较为敏感。     

基于VOF方法的海底管道溢油扩散数值模拟研究

在海底输油管道运行过程中,管道渗漏、穿孔及破碎都会导致原油泄漏。对溢油运动的轨迹及其扩散范围作出预报可为溢油事故的处理提供及时、准确的信息,指导应急处理的正确实施。基于工程实际需求,采用有限体积法,结合k-ε紊流模型,建立了海流作用下海底输油管道溢油扩散数值模型。采用VOF方法(volume of fluid method)追踪多相流界面。首先,将数值模拟结果与Fan的实验值及Zheng和Yapa的数值结果进行了对比,验证数值模型的可靠性;其次,研究了不同原油溢出速度与环境水深对不同时刻溢油轨迹、到达海面时间、横向漂移距离与海面扩散范围的影响。研究表明:随原油溢出速度增大,溢油到达海面时间逐渐减小,溢油横向漂移距离与海面扩散范围则逐渐增大;随环境水深增大,溢油到达海面时间逐渐增大,且其变化接近线性分布。     

雷达VIL在局地强对流天气应用中应注意的几个问题

结合兰州新一代天气雷达的使用情况,介绍了其物理量产品中垂直积分液态含水量(Verti-cally Integrated L iqu id W ater Content,)的理论计算模式,从雷达观测距离对VIL计算的影响、VIL理论模式中的反射率强度和探测高度对VIL计算的影响及VIL在强对流天气识别中受季节变化的影响3方面提出了思考,以期为今后应用VIL识别强对流天气提供参考。     

Invariant Tori in the Secular Motions of the Three-body Planetary Systems

We consider the problem of the applicability of KAM theorem to a realistic problem of three bodies. In the framework of the averaged dynamics over the fast angles for the Sun–Jupiter–Saturn system we can prove the perpetual stability of the orbit. The proof is based on semi-numerical algorithms requiring both explicit algebraic manipulations of series and analytical estimates. The proof is made rigorous by using interval arithmetics in order to control the numerical errors.     

大理岩破坏的声发射双主频特征及其机制初探

因试样制备、试验操作等限制,获得饱和岩石的直接拉伸强度较为困难。为对饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度进行合理估算并验证其可靠性,同时分析水对估算误差的影响,设计完成了干燥、饱和状态下两种硬岩的单轴压缩和直接拉伸声发射试验。基于Griffith理论和Hoek-Brown(H-B)强度准则,通过裂纹体积应变法确定岩石起裂应力,估算饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度和H-B强度参数m_i。结合声发射波形信号频谱特性,分析两者估算结果的准确性。结果表明,基于Griffith准则并采用起裂应力估算饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度是一种较可靠的方法。对于干燥硬岩,该方法确定的直接拉伸强度估算值比试验值偏小。饱和硬岩直接拉伸强度估算值与试验值基本接近,这是因为硬岩饱和后,延性和蠕变趋向增强,并发生更多的微观拉破裂。饱和硬岩的m_i值增大与增多的微观拉破裂有关,m_i值变化可用于描述饱和硬岩的软化程度。基于Griffith准则并采用起裂应力估算的岩石直接拉伸强度和H-B强度参数m_i可用于岩体工程的早期设计。     

地球轨道根数变化与第四纪冰期

介绍了米兰柯维奇（Milankovitch)天文气候学理论和第四纪地质时期以来冰期的研究进展。研究结果表明，地球上的冰体积具有近10万yr的变化周期，并伴有近4万yr和2万yr的变化周期，它们是由于地球的轨道根数变化导致的气候变迁所致；不同的地球物理资料中均存在上述类似的变化周期，表明气候变迁所导致的变化是全球性效应，证实米兰柯维奇天文理论是基本正确的；对天文气候学理论作了简要介绍，指出了米兰柯维奇天文气候学理论的可能不足，对引起最近百万yr以来的近10万yr气候变化周期的可能天文机制也作了介绍。     

Errors due to the anisotropic-common-ray approximation of the coupling ray theory

The common-ray approximation eliminates problems with ray tracing through S-wave singularities and also considerably simplifies the numerical algorithm of the coupling ray theory for S waves, but may introduce errors in travel times due to the perturbation from the common reference ray. These travel-time errors can deteriorate the coupling-ray-theory solution at high frequencies. It is thus of principal importance for numerical applications to estimate the errors due to the common-ray approximation applied. The anisotropic-common-ray approximation of the coupling ray theory is more accurate than the isotropic-common-ray approximation. We derive the equations for estimating the travel-time errors due to the anisotropic-common-ray (and also isotropic-common-ray) approximation of the coupling ray theory. The errors of the common-ray approximations are calculated along the anisotropic common rays in smooth velocity models without interfaces. The derivation is based on the general equations for the second-order perturbations of travel time.