高动态宽带信号码跟踪方法仿真分析

针对高动态场景,单独的码环路很难实现跟踪,由于高动态载波跟踪的算法很成熟,通常应用载波跟踪结果对码环路进行辅助,针对窄体制信号,这种方法可以帮助消除码环的动态误差,但对宽体制信号来说,辅助力度减小。从高动态宽带信号码跟踪误差门限以及跟踪精度入手,分析了单独码跟踪算法的易失锁性,理论和仿真验证应用高动态载波跟踪结果辅助码跟踪算法的有效性,且具有高的跟踪精度。这为导航接收机的跟踪算法提供了理论依据。     

常加速度模型的简化自协方差最小二乘法

“当前”统计模型自适应算法并非真正意义上的自适应目标跟踪算法,其性能与其中关键参数的选择有着直接的关系。本文以常加速度模型对机动载体进行建模,顾及其状态噪声协方差矩阵满足特定结构,提出了简化的自协方差最小二乘噪声协方差估计方法,该方法通过建立新息的相关函数序列与未知噪声协方差矩阵间的函数模型,并结合最小二乘法进行噪声协方差估计。数值仿真结果表明,当载体进行阶跃加速度运动或变加速度运动时,本文所提方法的目标跟踪精度均优于“当前”统计模型自适应算法。     

高轨空间碎片的观测模拟

对高轨空间碎片进行了观测模拟。在观测模拟中，分别选取南京和云南两个观测站；采用2种跟踪方式：跟踪恒星和跟踪卫星；对于同一地理经度上的同步卫星进行了观测；提供了发现新目标的方法；并给出了新目标的初轨。这为我国空间碎片的数据库的建立作了有益的尝试，对于卫星和航天器的飞行安全具有特别重要的意义。     

ANALYSIS OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS OVER TIBETAN PLATEAU IN SUMMER

1INTRODUCTION In meteorological satellite cloud images, the features of Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) are shown in white bright cloud cluster, cloud band, cloud line, vorti- calcloudsystem,etc. The MCSlife cycle and spatial size usuallyvaryfrom several hours to one day and 100km to approximately 1000km, respectively. In the last two decades, it has been proven that storm and intensive con- vective weather, such as spasmodic thunderstorm and gale, tornado and short macro-precipitati…     

基于卡尔曼滤波的GPS高动态载波跟踪环路设计

针对高动态环境会使接收机接收信号载频上产生很大的多普勒频移及其变化率,普通的GPS载波跟踪环无法保证可靠的跟踪等问题,通过综合分析传统的二阶叉积自动频率控制环(CPAFC)辅助三阶锁相环(PLL)的高动态载波跟踪环路,以及卡尔曼滤波器在动态跟踪中的优势与劣势,该文设计了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的二阶CPAFC辅助三阶PLL的GPS高动态载波跟踪环路。通过仿真分析证明,新的环路能更好地适应动态性,整体跟踪性能更好;并且在信噪比较低的情况下,环路优势更明显。     

不同风格旅游网络地图点状符号有效性眼动实验研究

地图新显示载体的出现,要求制图者不能继续沿用纸质地图符号的设计原则进行符号设计.以旅游网络地图点状符号设计为例,在对单个点状符号进行认知实验的基础上,将符号成图可视化显示,应用眼动跟踪技术,采用统计学的样本标准偏差方法分析被试者阅读地图的眼动数据分布状态,从易学性、地图信息易获取性、易记性等三个指标评估点状符号的有效性,从而得到点状符号设计改进原则,为旅游网络地图设计提供了参考依据.     

影响我国北方冬半年气旋的气候特征及年际变率

本文首先对气旋进行了客观定义,实现了气旋的自动识别与跟踪算法,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料建立了近60年(1951～2010)我国北方冬半年气旋活动数据集。对气旋的气候特征与年际变率进行了探讨。结果表明:蒙古国中西部、雅布洛诺夫山脉东麓等为主要气旋源地;蒙古国东南部、内蒙古东南部、松嫩平原是气旋活跃区;内蒙古东南部、东北地区中北部为气旋消亡区与快速填塞区;初春、仲秋季节气旋较活跃,冬季气旋最少;随季节推移,气旋活动区域向南、向东推进;气旋移动以偏东路径居多,其次是东南、东北路径;700 hPa风场对气旋移动趋势具有较好的指示意义;24 h标准加深率大于0.5 Bergeron的快速发展气旋,位于内蒙古东部、东北地区中北部、日本海中部等地;爆发性气旋则主要位于日本海附近,我国大陆极少;极端最强气旋主要集中在1980年代以前的仲秋与初春;1980年代以来,气旋频次相对较少,强气旋有逐渐增加的趋势;气旋频次减少与东亚中高纬度大气低层斜压性减弱有关。     

电力系统潮流量的微机快速跟踪测量

提出了一种电力系统潮流量的快速跟踪测量方法，其响应时间只有一个采样时间间隔。实验表明，其准确度可满足实用要求。     

Flounders follow the tides to feed: Evidence from ultrasonic tracking in an estuary

Ultrasonically tagged flounders were tracked in the estuary of the River Bann, Northern Ireland, for periods of between 2 and 12 h (11 fish for a total of 92 h and 2·5 km), during their summer residence. Positions were determined by triangulation with two receivers.All fish remained within 400 m of the release point; on average flounders moved about 270 m during one tidal cycle, equivalent to 830 body lengths, or just over 1 body length per minute. Movements were most likely at dusk, but other parameters were not contingent upon time of day, although no data were gathered at dawn. Frequency, direction, distance, speed and duration of movement and turn rate were all significantly contingent upon state of the tide. The movement data are interpreted in terms of feeding behaviour, supported by results from other parts of the study. At high tide flounders made active but meandering searches for food on the inundated mudflats. Similar but faster searches heading downstream on falling tides reflected (a) completion of feeding while littoral invertebrates were still available and (b) avoidance of stranding. Flounders made infrequent but long and linear passages downstream at low tide, when they tended to bury themselves at the edge of the main channel where there was little food. Subsequently, the fish followed the rising tide upstream so that the cycle of movements kept most fish in the same area of the estuary in the short term. It is suggested that tolerance of changing salinities enables flounders, more than other flatfish species, to exploit dense populations of estuarine intertidal invertebrates as food.     

用CE-318太阳光度计资料研究银川地区气溶胶光学厚度特性

根据CE-318数据,利用Bouguer定律计算了银川地区的大气气溶胶光学厚度,并分析其变化特征。结果表明,该地区大气气溶胶光学厚度具有明显的日变化和季节变化。日变化有4种类型：1)变化相对稳定;2)整体上呈上升的趋势;3)早晚小,中午大;4)早晨09-11时出现峰值,其他时间变化较小。季节变化则是冬、春季节大,秋季次之,夏季最小;春季大气中的主要成分是沙尘,冬季大气的主要成分是人类活动排放的颗粒物,夏季由于降水多,气溶胶数浓度较低,气溶胶光学厚度较小。