土壤入渗对阜新市北部浅层地下水总硬度影响的淋滤实验

本次室内土柱淋滤实验通过改变Na~+、H~+、NH_4~+浓度来模拟现实生活中不同浓度的生活污水、酸雨及农业施肥灌溉对浅层地下水总硬度的影响过程。实验结果表明淋滤液浓度越高,所对应的淋出液的总硬度峰值就越高。相同浓度的Na~+、H~+、NH_4~+进行土柱淋滤实验时,NH_4~+所对应的淋出液总硬度的峰值最大,H~+次之,Na~+最小且NH_4~+所对应的整个实验用时最短,在相同浓度单一离子作用下NH_4~+对浅层地下水硬度的影响更加明显。     

江西兴国县溶解性总固体分布规律初探

本文聚焦于反映地下水宏量离子组分总量的溶解性总固体,应用统计描述、相关分析法、离子比例法分析了其在兴国县全境的分布演化规律。结果表明,兴国县89.8%采样点的溶解性总固体含量都处于200 mg/L以内,但存在空间分布差异显著,在松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水、变质岩类裂隙水和花岗岩类裂隙水中溶解性总固体的变异系数分别为0.37、0.77、0.56和0.59。对1977—2018年两期地下水水质数据分析,兴国县地下水中溶解性总固体不论是单点极值还是均值,均呈现大幅增加的趋势,其含量增幅在24.23%~458.13%之间。在空间分布上,溶解性总固体分布与高程具有较好的相关性,高溶解性总固体的地下水普遍分布在400 m高程以下。兴国县对地下水开发的增加,改变了地下水的补径排条件,加速了地下水与围岩和岩石矿物风化组分间的溶滤和离子交换,使Na+浓度减少,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)含量增加。     

The cause of the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex

The stratospheric polar vortex strengthening from late winter to spring plays a crucial role in polar ozone depletion. The Arctic polar vortex reaches its peak intensity in mid-winter, whereas the Antarctic vortex usually strengthens in early spring. As a result, the strong ozone depletion is observed every year over the Antarctic, while over the Arctic short-term ozone loss occasionally occurs in late winter or early spring. However, the cause of such a difference in the life cycles of the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices is still not completely clear. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show a high agreement between the seasonal variations of temperature in the subtropical lower stratosphere and zonal wind in the subpolar and polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex can occur due to the seasonal temperature increase in the subtropical lower stratosphere in this period.     

Interannual and Decadal Changes in Tropospheric Ozone in China and the Associated Chemistry–Climate Interactions: A Review

China has been experiencing widespread air pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades.The two major concerns of ambient air quality in China are particulate matter(PM) and tropospheric ozone(O_3). With the implementation of air pollution prevention and control actions in the last five years, the PM pollution in China has been substantially reduced. In contrast, under the conditions of the urban air pollution complex, the elevated O_3 levels in city clusters of eastern China, especially in warm seasons, have drawn increasing attention. Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors not only contribute to regional air quality, but also alter climate. Climate change in turn can change chemical processes, long-range transport, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. Compared to PM, less is known about O_3 pollution and its climate effects over China. Here, we present a review of the main findings from the literature over the period 2011–18 with regard to the characteristics of O_3 concentrations in China and the mechanisms that drive its interannual to decadal variations, aiming to identify robust conclusions that may guide decision-making for emissions control and to highlight critical knowledge gaps. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated the impacts of tropospheric O_3 on climate, as well as the projections of future tropospheric O_3 owing to climate and/or emission changes.     

On the nonlinear response of lower stratospheric ozone to NOx and ClOx perturbations for different CH4 sources

The impact of sulfate aerosol, ClOx and NOx perturbations for two different magnitudes of CH4 sources on lower stratospheric ozone is studied by using a heterogeneous chemical system that consists of 19 species belonging to 5 chemical families （oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and carbon）. The results show that the present modeled photochemical system can present several different solutions, for instance, periodic states and multi-equilibrium states appearing in turn under certain parameter domains, through chlorine chemistry and nitrogen chemistry together with sulfate aerosol as well as the increasing magnitude of CH4 sources. The existence of catastrophic transitions could produce a dramatic reduction in the ozone concentration with the increase of external sources.     

FRP约束混凝土柱抗震性能若干问题的探讨

基于实验研究和理论分析结果,对纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束混凝土柱抗震性能研究中存在的若干关键问题进行了探讨,包括FRP约束混凝土构件在往复荷载作用下的受力特点、破坏特征、荷载-位移关系、弯矩-曲率关系、耗能及延性变化规律等,最后重点探讨了FRP约束混凝土柱在往复荷载作用下的刚度特性。     

DGZ-1多功能共振柱常规试验可靠性分析

针对新研制的多功能共振柱讕验机常规土类试验,发展此类仪器的试验可靠性分析理论,建立一套检验自身可靠性的分析方法傌技术,包括试验误差分析、试验定量考核、土工试验等多种技术手段。首先建立了共振柱仪动剪切模量误差、应叐误差和阻尼比误差的分析公式,得到了几种主要影响因素及其对试验误差影响程度的新认识。同时,通过若干已知动剪切模量且频率和土频率相接近的钢杆和铝杆试件的自振和共振试验,定量上验证该仪器常规试验结果的可靠性;通过砂土和原状粘土常规试验,定性上检验土工试验结果的合理性。通过对新研制的多功能共振柱试验机的常规试验功能进行可靠性的自身检验,所有试验结果是令人满意和可靠的,结果符合现有规律的认识。     

Parametric study on performance of bridge retrofitted by unseating prevention devices

1 Introduction Structural retro?t techniques (Roberts, 2005), such as restrainers, concrete shear keys, steel jackets, CFRPshells, base isolators, or dampers have been widely studied and implemented in actual structures based on the experiences learned from past earthquakes. In the Chi-Chi earthquake (EERI, 2001), the damage to simply-supported PCI girder bridges provided a different view from which to examine the function of a rubber bearing system for simply- supported bridges (NCREE,…     

华清4#泉水溶气体百分含量合计的强震远场前兆特征

华清4#泉水溶气体百分含量合计(QB)的取值范围为100±5.按4舍5入法取整数值,将其分为11个区段.以年为单位,统计QB落在每个区段内的频次.频率分布直方图显示,在QB取值区间内,分区段频率呈近似正态分布.将落入QB频率最高的区段称为轴,将轴在不同区段上位置的变化称为轴漂.研究表明,QB在不同区段上轴的漂移,反映了区域应力场的不同状态.轴落入99区段上,反映的是区域应力场的增强,与远场M≥7.0地震及伴生中强地震、鄂尔多斯块体周边后继中强地震有很好的相关性;轴落入98区段上,反映的是区域应力场的相对稳定;轴落入97区段上,反映的是巨大地震后,区域应力场的调整及中强地震活动格局的变化.文中还阐述了99区段轴值与地震对应关系的几个特征.     

EM120型多波束测深系统及在深海测量中的应用

与传统的单波束回声测深仪相比,多波束测深系统具有水深全覆盖无遗漏扫测,测量范围大、速度快,测深精度和分辨率高,记录数字化和实时自动绘图等优点。介绍了EM120型多波束测深系统深水系统的技术性能,分析了EM120在中沙深海区的测量试验情况及在深海区水深测量中的应用价值,提出了存在问题及其对策。