巨型钢结构抗震研究综述

介绍了巨型结构及其特点，着重总结、论述了巨型钢结构在分析方法和抗震研究方面的发展现状，指出了这种钢结构形式在抗震研究中存在的主要问题及今后进一步的研究方向。     

可解释性长短期记忆模型用于预测湖泊总磷浓度变化

对湖泊总磷的变化预测和来源识别对水资源调度和流域生态治理有着重要的意义,然而复杂的生化反应和水动力条件导致的非平稳性给湖泊总磷浓度的准确预测带来极大的困难。为克服这一挑战,本文引入了基于加权回归的季节趋势分解(seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess,STL)技术和夏普利加法(SHapley additive exPlanations,SHAP)结合长短期记忆网络(long short-term memory neural network,LSTM)和门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)构建了一个可解释的预测框架,以增强对湖泊总磷浓度演变的预测并提高其可解释性。研究表明:(1)在骆马湖总磷浓度的预测中,该框架拥有较好的预报精度(R²=0.878),优于LSTM和卷积长短期记忆模型(convolutional neural networks and long short term memory network,CNN-LSTM)。当预测时间步长增加到8 h时,该框架有效提高了总磷浓度的预测精度,平均相对误差和均方根误差分别降低了47.1%和33.3%。从预测趋势来看,骆马湖在汛期的总磷平均浓度为0.158 mg/L,相较于非汛期的平均浓度,增加了202.1%。(2)运河来水是骆马湖总磷浓度最重要的影响因素,贡献权重为60.0%,并且不同断面(三湾、三场)的污染源受水动力、气象等因素的影响存在显著的时空差异。本文凸显了神经网络模型在预警水体污染方面的可实施性,并且为提高传统神经网络的学习能力和可解释性的开发与验证提供了重要方向。     

Total N,total P and organic matters content in floodplain soils of Xianghai Nature Reserve

Soil sediment samples of 10 layers with a spacing of 10 cm each were collected in different floodplain zones adjacent to Huolin River in the Xianghai Nature Reserve, and contents of total N, total P and organic matters were analyzed. The results showed that contents of total N, total P and organic matters were generally decreasing with the increase of distance from sample locations to the river channel, and contents of the three items were generally higher in the upper soil layer than that in the lower soil layer. The content variations displayed how flooding functions influenced nutrient matter content variations in floodplain soils since the flood inundation frequencies of the sample locations varied. The correlation analysis displayed that there were remarkable relativities between total N, total P and organic matters within definite spatial distance from the Huolin River channel.     

洞庭湖区域雷暴大风分型及预报分析研究

使用S波段双偏振天气雷达资料,对2021年5月15日洞庭湖区一次强对流过程的多单体风暴阶段和飑线阶段分阶段进行了分析,并重点对前阶段的超级单体风暴I2进行了分时段分析,结果表明：(1) I2初始发展时段,水平反射率因子(Z_H)＞55 dBz区域、差分反射率因子(Z_DR)柱(＞2.5 dB)扩展至湿球零度层WBZ高度,对应区域差分相移率(K_DP)较大(＞1.7 °·km^-1)、相关系数CC在0.9~0.99,说明该时段降水相态是以夹杂着大雨滴的水凝物为主。(2) I2冰雹碰并增长时段,Z_H强度和发展高度急速增长,垂直液态水含量VIL出现明显跃增,Z_H强中心(＞60 dBz区域)扩展至-10℃高度以上,对应的Z_DR降至低于0,Z_DR柱(＞2.5 dB)扩展至-10℃高度;CC下降、K_DP出现“空洞”,说明该时段降水以固态粒子为主,且处于增大时段。(3) I2成熟降雹时段,Z_H强中心(＞60 dBz)底部降至WBZ高度以下、CC局部低至0.8、对应区域存在Z_DR负值区、K_DP空洞,说明冰雹下落的拖曳作用削弱上升气流的强度,预示冰雹即将落地。(4)飑线阶段和多单体风暴阶段不同,飑线阶段K_DP值异常偏大、Z_DR大于1。(5)飑线阶段的极端大风发生前,55 dBz强回波、27 m·s^-1速度大值区扩展至1 km以下,强回波区域K_DP明显偏大,与强下沉气流相对应。另外,高空降水粒子在下降过程中融化导致的强降水拖曳作用加剧了极端大风的产生。

     

基于主体功能区约束的大气污染物总量控制目标分配研究

考虑经济发展水平、污染物排放现状、污染物治理水平、空气质量,特别是国家主体功能区环境目标约束等因素,构建大气污染物排放总量分配的指标体系,用改进的等比例分配方法对2015年国家SO2,NOx总量控制目标进行区域分配。分配结果表明:SO2和NOx削减量大的省份主要集中在华北平原及其周围地区,这些地区污染物排放量大、空气质量较差;削减比例较大的地区主要集中在西部地区以及北京、天津2个直辖市,这些地区单位GDP能耗高、工业污染物去除率低、空气质量差;削减量相对较小的地区主要集中在西南和南部一些省份;削减比例较小的地区主要集中在中南部和南部几个省份,这些地区污染物排放量相对较少,空气质量好于其他省份。     

对脉冲星发射宇宙线能量的估计

S.Karakula等人根据Ostriker等人的脉冲星产生的宇宙线能谱依赖脉冲星年龄的理论模型,利用脉冲星发射宇宙线的最大能量:     

中国区域全要素生产率的空间溢出关联效应研究

运用空间计量模型对1990~2011年中国全要素生产率进行研究,发现：此间中国省域全要素生产率在大部分年份呈现了空间自相关性,表明这22 a间中国省域全要素生产率并不是完全的随机状态,受其它区域的影响。进一步运用空间计量经济模型从空间维度探究了区域全要素生产率的影响因素,研究表明：经济的集聚水平越高,全要素生产率会得到显著改善;人力资本对经济增长与效率的提升有着显著地积极作用,并表现一定程度的溢出;政府干预和产业结构对全要素生产率的影响为负,说明政府部门要减少对经济的干预;同时表明了中国的产业结构可能存在不合理的地方;信息化水平、基础设施水平对全要素生产率的影响为正,但基础设施水平在统计学意义上并不显著;民营化所占比重的提升对全要素生产率的改进是显著的,因为私有化致使企业的权力下放有助于提高技术效率;经济开放水平显著提升了中国的区域全要素生产率;中国部分省份土地投入规模过大而出现规模不经济的问题。从全要素生产率在各个地区间溢出的证据出发,各个地方政府在统筹区域经济发展的过程中不仅需要考虑本地区经济发展的实际,需要打破目前行政区经济的界限,实现跨区域的协调与合作,实现共赢,最终实现所有地区全要素生产率的提高。     

基于OMI卫星数据的城市对流层NO2变化趋势研究

利用OMNO2全球产品卫星遥感资料研究科技城市北京、交通城市黄骅港、旅游城市三亚、特区城市深圳和工业城市抚顺的NO2月平均变化情况。通过Beat软件和IDL联合编程对该产品进行处理,得到各城市对流层NO2垂直柱密度的月平均值;对各城市2004年10月至2007年10月的NO2月平均变化进行线性正弦模型模拟,得到月平均变化趋势和月增长率,并评价变化趋势的精度。结果显示,各城市在冬季NO2对流层垂直柱密度较大,夏季较小,季节性循环明显。北京、黄骅港、三亚、抚顺在这段时间NO2总体呈增加趋势,从大到小依次是:抚顺、北京、黄骅港和三亚,深圳呈减少趋势。根据趋势显著性判别准则,各城市的NO2月平均变化均显著。另外相对于2004年10月,月相对增长率从大到小依次是抚顺、三亚、黄骅港、北京、深圳,其中深圳的NO2呈现负增长。     

RESOLUTION OF MULTICOMPONENT FLUORESCENT MIXTURES BY ANALYSIS OF THE EXCITATION-EMISSION-FREQUENCY ARRAY

Fluorescence lifetime provides a third independent dimension of information for the resolution of totalluminescence spectra of multicomponent mixtures.The incorporation of this parameter into theexcitation-emission matrix(EEM)by the phase modulation technique results in a three-dimensionalexcitation-emission-frequency array (EEFA).Multicomponent analysis based on the three-dimensionalEEFA brings a qualitative change for the resolved spectra,i.e.individual spectra can be uniquely resolved,which is impossible with any two-dimensional analysis.In this paper we present a method for analyzingthe EEFA.We show mathematically that with the three-dimensional analysis of the EEFA individualspectra and lifetimes can be obtained.Our algorithm is developed in mathematical detail and isdemonstrated by its application to a two-component mixture.     

Seismic fracture evaluation of diaphragm joints in welded beam-to-box column moment connections

Steel box columns are widely used in steel building structures in Taiwan due to their dual strong axes. To transfer the beam-end moment to the column, diaphragm plates of the same thickness and elevations as the beam flanges are usually welded inside the box column. The electro-slag welding (ESW) process is widely used to connect the diaphragms to the column flanges in Taiwan because of its convenience and efficiency. However, ESW may increase the hardness of the welds and heat-affected zones (HAZs), while reducing the Charpy-V notch strength in the HAZ. This situation can cause premature fracture of the diaphragm-to-column flange welds before a large plastic rotation is developed in the beam-to-box column joints. To quantify the critical eccentricity and the effectiveness of fracture prediction, this study uses fracture prediction models and finite element model (FEM) analysis to correlate the test results. In this study, two beam-to-box column connection subassembly tests are conducted with different loading protocols and ESW chamber shapes. To implement a fracture prediction model, the material parameters are established from circumferential notched tensile tests and FEM analysis. Test results indicate that the fracture instances can be predicted on the basis of the cumulative plastic deformation in the HAZs. Analytical results indicate that fracture instances and locations are sensitive to the relative locations of the ESW joints and beam flange. Tests also confirm that the possible fracture of the diaphragm-to-column flange joints can be mitigated by enlarging the chamber of the ESW joint.