应用新一代镭氡分析仪PC-2100测定镭的实验研究

应用PC-2100镭氡分析仪测定了3种地质标样GBW04324、GBW04127和GBW04305a中的镭,分析结果精密度分别为:4.90%、3.26%和2.07%,符合质量标准要求。     

天气雷达探测遭电子干扰分析与解决途径

随着电子技术的不断发展,各种无线发射装置的广泛应用,无线接收设备尤其是高灵敏度的雷达都有可能遭遇各种意想不到的电子干扰.通过分析经历过的多起雷达受扰事件,挑选包括气象部门雷达相互间的同频干扰,与军用雷达相互间的同频干扰,微波接力站和民用超高频数传机对天气雷达的干扰等几起具有代表性的典型个例,就其发生现象、检判过程、产生的原因、实际解决办法和最终结果以及带来的相关启示做了一些分析探讨,可为从事技术保障的同行提供有益的借鉴.     

振荡交换-抽滤淋洗结合凯氏定氮法快速测定土壤中的阳离子交换量

测定土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的行业标准方法(LY/T1243—1999)是采取离心分离结合手工蒸馏进行滴定,耗时长、操作繁琐。为了缩短反应时间,提高检测效率,本文利用乙酸铵对酸性和中性土壤进行处理,用氯化铵-乙酸铵对石灰性土壤进行处理,应用振荡和抽滤装置快速交换和清洗阳离子,通过全自动凯氏定氮仪对吸附的铵根离子进行测定,由此计算CEC值。结果表明:在最佳的振荡和蒸馏时间、滴定酸浓度、指示剂配比等实验条件下,一个批次样品(100件)的分析流程仅需要12h,比传统方法检测时间缩短近80%。经国家标准物质验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,5次测定的相对标准偏差均小于1. 5%。本方法免去了多次离心分离操作,解决了待测成分损失、CEC测定值偏低的问题,提高了检测效率和准确度,较林业标准方法的成本低,可操作性强,适用于土壤环境质量评价、地区土壤抽样调查等大批量土壤样品分析。     

固体进样——总有机碳分析仪法直接测定海水中的颗粒有机碳

海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)是联系海洋生命与非生命过程最重要的参数之一,其在全球碳循环的作用异常重要,准确获取海水中颗粒有机碳的含量是揭示其重要作用的前提。目前,元素分析仪测定POC是其准确测定最常用的方法,但元素分析仪分析海水中颗粒有机碳过滤的膜样时,存在包样困难、滤膜对反应管损坏严重、灰分难以清理等问题,严重影响仪器的正常使用。本文采用总有机碳分析仪固体进样装置建立了海水中颗粒有机碳的分析方法,优化了样品前处理过程,对玻璃纤维膜进行了空白校正,考察了酸化方式和时间对测定结果的影响,方法检出限为CL(C)=0.019%。对青岛近海三个不同采样站位海水样品POC的测定结果相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%~2.66%(n=12),结果重复性好,精密度高,经国家标准样品水系沉积物GDS-9验证,结果与标准值符合,表明方法准确可靠,能满足海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)的准确测定要求。所建立的方法完全克服了常规元素分析仪测定POC的弊端,同时降低了仪器的维护成本。     

东南极格罗夫山地区铷含量初步调查及手持矿石分析仪的可行性研究

本文对东南极格罗夫山地区出露的基岩样品进行实验室地球化学分析,结果显示出该地区明显的铷元素富集。所测试的123个样品主要为花岗岩、闪长岩、花岗片麻岩、片麻岩等,其中15个样品的铷含量达到0.04%,2个样品的铷含量达到0.1%以上。同时,利用手持快速矿石分析仪(NITON XL3t-500S GOLDD)对该地区213件岩石样品以及92件粉末样品进行测试,并将测试结果与实验室分析结果进行对比分析。分析对比发现,虽然手持快速矿石分析仪相对实验室测试存在一定误差,但是两种测试方法的铷含量随样品表现出一致的变化趋势,且粉末样品相对岩石样品误差明显偏小。     

基于LabVIEW的岩石阻抗分析仪控制程序设计

针对人工测量岩石复电阻率难以实现的困难, 在Windows 98 操作系统下, 采用LabVIEW6i图形化编程语言和VISA标准, 开发了Hp4194A 岩石阻抗分析仪的控制程序, 实现了该设备的扫描方式设置、显示参数设置、补偿参数设置及数据采集。与常规人工测量时间约60 min相比, 自动测量时间缩短到2 s, 保证了岩石复电阻率实验的正常进行。     

SZ-1型同位素X射线荧光分析仪分析多金属结核中锰铁钴镍铜

采用低分辨率能量色散Ｘ射线荧光分析仪和偏最小二乘法对太平洋多金属结核中的Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ等元素进行了现场分析,并对所用仪器的性能和方法的可靠性作了评价。方法经国家级标准物质验证,其测定值与标准值相符,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝４２）各元素均小于１．０％,分析结果满足现场分析中矿物品位的测定要求。     

两种激光粒度仪测量结果的对比

用两种型号(Cilas 940L和Malvern2000)的激光粒度仪对149个沉积物样品进行了测量,对测量结果作了对比分析。包括各粒级间的对比、各种粒度参数的对比以及相关分析等。找出了两种仪器在不同粒级之间的差异和相关性。分析结果表明,两种仪器的分析数据在13～14pm的粒度区间最为接近,小于此粒级范围时Cilas 940L所测得数据大于同粒级内Malvern2000的观测值,大于此粒级范围的分析结果则相反,即Cilas 940L对细粒样品的敏感性更强一些。     

NaCl Aerosol Particle Hygroscopicity Dependence on Mixing with Organic Compounds

Organic compounds in the atmosphere can influence the activation, growth and lifetimes of haze, fog and cloud droplets by changing the condensation and evaporation rates of liquid water by these aqueous aerosol particles. Depending on the nature and properties of the organic compounds, the change can be to enhance or reduce these rates. In this paper we used a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) to examine the effect of tetracosane, octanoic acid, and lauric acid on the hygroscopic properties of NaCl aerosol particles at relative humidities (RH) between 30 and 95%. These organic compounds have been identified in ambient aerosol particle samples. A slight lowering of the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) and suppression of hygroscopic growth for the NaCl-organic compound mixtures were observed when compared to pure NaCl particles. The growth of pure NaCl particles was 2.25 in diameter at 85% RH while the growth of the mixed particles was 1.3 to 1.7 in particle diameter at 85% RH with organic mass fraction of 30–50%. This shows that these organic compounds have to be present in rather large mass fractions to effect the hygroscopic behavior to a similar degree observed for ambient aerosol during field measurements. Despite the mixing of the organic material with NaCl, hysteresis was observed for decreasing RH histories, suggesting the formation of metastable droplets. These laboratory results are strikingly similar to ambient field results. For example, if the total organic mass fraction of the particles is between 0.30 and 0.50, the particle growth at 85% RH is about a factor of 1.4 for the laboratory and field measurements. Such reduction in growth compared to the pure inorganic salt is in contradiction to speculations concerning significant effects by organic compounds on cloud condensation nuclei and thus formation on clouds.     

Development of an online analyzer of atmospheric H2O2 and several organic hydroperoxides for field campaigns

An online automated instrument was developed for atmospheric measurements of hydroperoxides with separation and quantification of H₂O₂ and several organic hydroperoxides. Samples were trapped in aqueous solutions in a scrubbing glass coil. Analyses were performed on an HPLC column followed by para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (POPHA) acetic acid and peroxidase derivatization and fluorescence detection. Analytical and sampling tests were performed on different parameters to obtain optimum signal-to-noise ratios, high resolution and collection efficiencies higher than 95% for H₂O₂ and organic hydroperoxides. The obtained performances show large improvements compared to previous studies. The sampling and analytical devices can be coupled providing an online analyzer. The device was used during two field campaigns in the Marseilles area in June 2001 (offline analyzer) and in July 2002 (online analyzer) at rural sites at low and high altitudes, respectively, during the ESCOMPTE and BOND campaigns. During the ESCOMPTE campaign, H₂O₂ was detected occasionally, and no organic hydroperoxides was observed. During the BOND campaign, substantial amounts of H₂O₂ and 1−HEHP+MHP were often detected, and two other organic hydroperoxides were occasionally detected. These observations are discussed.